Question 1: What is a 'mountain' in geographical terms?

Answer: A landform with high elevation, steep slopes, and a summit, typically formed by tectonic activity or erosion.

Question 2: Define 'erosion' in the context of physical landscapes.

Answer: The wearing away of landforms by natural forces such as water, wind, or ice.

Question 3: Name the geological process responsible for forming the Scottish Highlands.

Answer: Tectonic uplift and geological folding.

Question 4: What is a 'U-shaped valley' and how is it formed?

Answer: A valley with a distinctive U-shape formed by glacial erosion during ice ages.

Question 5: Provide an example of a mountain range in the UK.

Answer: The Pennines.

Question 1: Which UK region contains the Lake District, famous for its glacial landforms?

Answer: North West England

Question 2: Name two main types of physical landforms found in the UK.

Answer: Mountains and valleys.

Question 3: What process is primarily responsible for shaping the Scottish Highlands?

Answer: Tectonic activity

Question 4: Briefly explain how glaciers have shaped UK landscapes during the last Ice Age.

Answer: Glaciers carved out U-shaped valleys, formed corries and arêtes, and deposited glacial till, creating features like the Lake District and Scottish Highlands.

Question 1: Describe how glacial erosion has contributed to the formation of the Lake District's distinctive scenery.

Answer: Glacial erosion carved deep U-shaped valleys, created corries and arêtes, and deposited till and moraines, resulting in the mountainous and lake-rich landscape of the Lake District.

Question 2: Identify two major challenges the Lake District faces due to its physical landscape.

Answer: Erosion of vulnerable slopes and increased risk of flooding in valley areas.

Question 3: Explain why tourism is both beneficial and challenging for the Lake District’s environment.

Answer: Tourism boosts local economy and promotes conservation, but high visitor numbers can lead to environmental degradation, erosion, and strain on infrastructure.

Question 4: How do the physical features of the Scottish Highlands influence settlement patterns?

Answer: Rugged terrain limits large-scale agriculture and urban development, leading to dispersed settlements, with some concentrated in valleys and along coastlines.

Question 1: Explain why the UK experiences varied landforms across its regions.

Answer: The UK’s varied geological history, tectonic activity, and glacial processes have created diverse landforms such as mountains, valleys, and coastal features, influenced by climate and human activity.

Question 2: Analyse the causes of coastal erosion along the south coast of England.

Answer: Wave action, prevailing winds, and the geology of soft rock formations like clay and sandstone cause significant coastal erosion, leading to features like cliffs, bays, and beaches.

Question 3: Explain how human activity has impacted the physical landscape of the Scottish Highlands.

Answer: Activities such as forestry, tourism, and land use changes have altered natural drainage patterns, increased erosion, and affected habitat stability in the Highlands.

Question 1: To what extent are current management strategies effective in protecting the UK’s physical landscapes from erosion and overuse?

Answer: Management strategies such as designated protected areas, erosion control measures, and sustainable tourism initiatives are somewhat effective in conserving landscapes like the Lake District and Scottish Highlands. However, increasing visitor numbers and climate change pose ongoing challenges, requiring adaptive management approaches and greater investment to ensure long-term preservation.