Question 1: Greenhouse Effect: The process by which certain gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming.

Answer: The greenhouse effect is the trapping of heat by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, causing Earth's temperature to rise.

Question 2: Fossil Fuels: Natural fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas formed from ancient organic matter, which release greenhouse gases when burned.

Answer: Fossil fuels are natural energy sources like coal, oil, and gas that emit greenhouse gases when combusted.

Question 3: Carbon Footprint: The total amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly and indirectly by an individual, organization, or country.

Answer: The carbon footprint is the total greenhouse gas emissions caused by an individual, organization, or country.

Question 4: Renewable Energy: Energy from sources that are naturally replenished, such as wind, solar, and hydroelectric power.

Answer: Renewable energy comes from sources like wind, solar, and hydro that are naturally replenished.

Question 5: Global Warming: The long-term rise in Earth's average surface temperature due to increased greenhouse gases.

Answer: Global warming is the sustained increase in Earth's surface temperature caused by greenhouse gases.

Question 1: What is the main greenhouse gas responsible for global warming?

Answer: Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

Question 2: Name two human activities that significantly increase greenhouse gas emissions.

Answer: Burning fossil fuels and deforestation.

Question 3: Explain what is meant by 'fossil fuels' and their role in climate change.

Answer: Fossil fuels are natural energy sources like coal, oil, and gas formed from ancient organic matter. Burning them releases greenhouse gases, contributing to global warming.

Question 4: Identify three effects of increased greenhouse gases on the Earth's climate.

Answer: Rising global temperatures, more extreme weather events, and rising sea levels.

Question 5: Which region is most affected by deforestation leading to climate change, and why?

Answer: The Amazon rainforest, because deforestation reduces carbon absorption and releases stored carbon.

Question 1: Based on the case study of the UK, explain how increased greenhouse gases have impacted its climate.

Answer: Increased greenhouse gases have led to higher average temperatures, more frequent heatwaves, and increased precipitation in the UK, contributing to climate variability.

Question 2: Describe the role of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest in contributing to global climate change.

Answer: Deforestation in the Amazon reduces the forest's ability to absorb CO₂, releasing stored carbon and increasing atmospheric greenhouse gases, thus intensifying global warming.

Question 3: Analyze how the UK's climate changes due to increased greenhouse gases might affect its weather patterns.

Answer: The UK may experience more unpredictable weather, including heavier rainfall, storms, and hotter summers, due to altered atmospheric circulation caused by global warming.

Question 4: Evaluate the effectiveness of current UK policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Answer: UK policies such as the Climate Change Act and investment in renewable energy have made progress in reducing emissions, but challenges remain due to dependence on fossil fuels and economic factors. Overall, these strategies are moderately effective but require further commitment to achieve net-zero targets.

Question 1: Explain why burning fossil fuels contributes to global warming using geographical terminology.

Answer: Burning fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases like CO₂ into the atmosphere. These gases trap outgoing infrared radiation, enhancing the greenhouse effect, which leads to an increase in Earth's surface temperature—a process known as global warming.

Question 2: Analyse the pattern of greenhouse gas emissions in developed versus developing countries and its implications for global climate change.

Answer: Developed countries generally emit higher per capita greenhouse gases due to industrialization and energy consumption, while developing countries have lower emissions but are increasing rapidly. This pattern affects global efforts to reduce emissions and highlights the need for international cooperation.

Question 1: To what extent are renewable energy sources effective in reducing greenhouse gas emissions? Evaluate considering economic, environmental, and social factors.

Answer: Renewable energy sources are effective in reducing greenhouse gases by replacing fossil fuels, thus decreasing emissions. Economically, initial costs can be high, but long-term savings and job creation are benefits. Environmentally, renewables produce little to no emissions, but some, like hydropower, can impact ecosystems. Socially, they promote energy security and sustainability. However, challenges include intermittency and infrastructure needs. Overall, renewables are a vital part of mitigation strategies, but their success depends on policy support and technological advancements.