Question 1: Define 'global warming' and give an example of its impact.

Answer: Global warming is the increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to greenhouse gas emissions; for example, it causes more frequent heatwaves in Europe.

Question 2: What is 'sea level rise' and how does it affect coastal regions?

Answer: Sea level rise is the increase in the average height of the world's oceans caused by melting ice caps and thermal expansion, leading to flooding of low-lying coastal areas.

Question 3: Explain the term 'extreme weather events' with two examples.

Answer: Extreme weather events are severe weather phenomena beyond normal conditions; examples include hurricanes and heatwaves.

Question 4: Define 'climate resilience' and its importance.

Answer: Climate resilience is the ability of a community or system to withstand and recover from climate-related hazards; it is important for reducing vulnerability.

Question 5: What is 'carbon footprint' and how does it relate to climate change?

Answer: A carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly or indirectly by an individual or organization; reducing it helps mitigate climate change.

Question 1: Which of the following is a primary effect of global warming?

Answer: Rising sea levels

Question 2: Name the country that faces severe challenges from rising sea levels, threatening its low-lying islands.

Answer: Maldives

Question 3: What is the main cause of increased frequency of hurricanes in the Atlantic?

Answer: Warmer ocean temperatures caused by climate change provide more energy for storms.

Question 4: Identify one way climate change can increase the occurrence of wildfires.

Answer: Higher temperatures and prolonged drought conditions increase the risk of wildfires.

Question 1: Based on the case study of Bangladesh, explain how rising sea levels and increased storm intensity threaten the country's coastal areas.

Answer: Bangladesh faces flooding, loss of land, and displacement of communities due to rising sea levels caused by thermal expansion and melting glaciers, while intensified storms bring more severe flooding and damage to infrastructure.

Question 2: Describe two adaptation strategies Bangladesh has implemented to cope with climate change effects.

Answer: Bangladesh has built cyclone shelters and implemented flood-resistant rice farming techniques to reduce vulnerability.

Question 3: Evaluate the effectiveness of these adaptation strategies in reducing climate-related hazards.

Answer: These strategies have been effective in saving lives and reducing economic losses, but challenges remain due to increasing hazard severity and limited resources, highlighting the need for ongoing international support and sustainable development.

Question 1: Explain why rising global temperatures lead to more intense heatwaves and droughts in southern Europe.

Answer: Higher global temperatures increase evaporation rates, reducing soil moisture and water availability, which intensifies heatwaves and drought conditions, especially in regions with Mediterranean climates.

Question 2: Analyse the impact of melting Arctic ice on global sea levels and coastal settlements.

Answer: Melting Arctic ice contributes to sea level rise, which threatens low-lying coastal settlements worldwide, causing flooding, erosion, and displacement, especially in densely populated deltas like the Netherlands and Bangladesh.

Question 3: Explain how increased ocean temperatures contribute to the formation of stronger and more destructive tropical cyclones.

Answer: Warmer ocean waters provide more energy for cyclone development, leading to higher wind speeds and more intense storms, which cause greater destruction in affected regions.

Question 1: To what extent are current global efforts sufficient in mitigating the effects of climate change on natural hazards? Consider international agreements, technological advances, and developing nations' challenges.

Answer: Global efforts such as the Paris Agreement aim to limit temperature rise, but implementation varies among countries, and many developing nations face financial and infrastructural barriers. Technological advances like renewable energy are promising, yet global emission reductions remain insufficient to prevent severe climate impacts. Therefore, current efforts are a step in the right direction but not enough to fully mitigate the increasing risks of natural hazards caused by climate change. Stronger international cooperation and equitable resource distribution are essential for more effective mitigation.