Question 1: Define 'resource depletion' and provide an example.

Answer: Resource depletion refers to the consumption of a natural resource faster than it can be replenished, e.g., overfarming leading to soil exhaustion.

Question 2: What is 'sustainable development' in the context of resource management?

Answer: Sustainable development involves using resources in a way that meets current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs.

Question 3: Explain the term 'ecological footprint' with an example.

Answer: The ecological footprint measures the land and resources needed to support a person's lifestyle; for example, a high carbon footprint from frequent air travel.

Question 4: Name two renewable resources and two non-renewable resources.

Answer: Renewable: solar energy, wind energy; Non-renewable: coal, oil.

Question 5: Give an example of a water resource conflict.

Answer: The dispute over water rights between Egypt and Ethiopia over the Nile River.

Question 1: Which country is the largest consumer of coal globally?

Answer: China

Question 2: Name the natural resource that Nigeria is heavily reliant on for its economy.

Answer: Oil

Question 3: What is the main environmental concern associated with overfishing?

Answer: Depletion of fish stocks and damage to marine ecosystems.

Question 4: Identify one reason why water scarcity is increasing in parts of India.

Answer: High population growth and over-extraction of groundwater.

Question 5: Which resource is most associated with climate change because of its use in energy production?

Answer: Fossil fuels

Question 1: Based on Nigeria’s reliance on oil, discuss two environmental issues that have arisen from oil extraction.

Answer: Oil spills causing marine pollution and deforestation for oil infrastructure development.

Question 2: Describe how China's rapid industrialization has impacted its air quality and greenhouse gas emissions.

Answer: Industrial growth has led to increased emissions from factories and vehicles, resulting in severe air pollution and contributing to global climate change.

Question 3: Explain the social and environmental challenges Nigeria faces due to oil extraction.

Answer: Challenges include oil spills contaminating water sources, loss of biodiversity, and social conflicts over resource control.

Question 4: Assess the effectiveness of Nigeria's strategies to reduce oil-related environmental damage.

Answer: While Nigeria has implemented regulations and oil spill response plans, enforcement is often weak, and illegal activities persist, limiting overall effectiveness.

Question 5: Evaluate whether China's economic growth has been sustainable in terms of resource use.

Answer: China's rapid growth has increased resource consumption and environmental degradation; however, recent policies promoting renewable energy suggest steps toward sustainability, though challenges remain.

Question 1: Explain why global demand for rare earth elements is increasing and what environmental impacts this has.

Answer: Demand is rising due to their use in electronics and renewable energy technologies. Environmental impacts include habitat destruction from mining and pollution from processing.

Question 2: Analyse the causes of water stress in the Middle East, with reference to climate and human activities.

Answer: Causes include low rainfall, high evaporation rates due to arid climates, over-extraction for agriculture and industry, and population growth increasing water demand.

Question 1: To what extent are international efforts effective in managing global resource consumption? Consider examples such as the Paris Agreement and water-sharing treaties.

Answer: International efforts like the Paris Agreement aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but effectiveness varies due to differing national interests and enforcement challenges. Water-sharing treaties can foster cooperation but are often hindered by political conflicts and unequal resource distribution. Overall, while these efforts are steps toward sustainability, their success depends on global commitment and enforcement.