Question 1: What does 'Development Gap' mean?

Answer: The difference in levels of economic and social development between regions or countries.

Question 2: Define 'HDI' and explain what it measures.

Answer: Human Development Index; it measures a country's average achievements in health, education, and income.

Question 3: What is 'industrialization'?

Answer: The process of developing industries in a country or region.

Question 4: Name two factors that contribute to the Development Gap.

Answer: Examples include access to education and healthcare, infrastructure development, and natural resource availability.

Question 5: Explain the term 'multinational corporation'.

Answer: A large company that operates in several countries, often contributing to economic development or disparity.

Question 1: Which country has the highest Human Development Index (HDI) as of 2023?

Answer: Norway

Question 2: Name the African country that has experienced rapid economic growth due to oil exports, but still faces significant development challenges.

Answer: Nigeria

Question 3: What is a primary cause of the Development Gap between developed and developing countries?

Answer: Differences in access to technology, infrastructure, and education.

Question 4: Which region of the UK is most associated with high levels of deprivation and lower economic development?

Answer: The North East

Question 5: Describe one social impact of the Development Gap in rural areas of India.

Answer: Limited access to healthcare and education, leading to lower living standards.

Question 1: Considering Nigeria's economy, identify two impacts of oil dependence on its development.

Answer: Economic growth from oil exports but vulnerability to oil price fluctuations and environmental issues.

Question 2: Analyze how foreign investment has influenced Nigeria’s infrastructure development.

Answer: Foreign investment has improved infrastructure like roads and ports but may lead to economic dependence on external actors.

Question 3: Discuss the social challenges Nigeria faces despite its resource wealth.

Answer: High levels of poverty, corruption, and inequality, especially between urban and rural areas.

Question 4: Evaluate the effectiveness of Nigeria's economic diversification strategies.

Answer: Strategies such as promoting agriculture and manufacturing have had mixed results; while some sectors have grown, dependence on oil remains high, and infrastructural challenges persist.

Question 1: Explain why industrialization tends to be concentrated in certain regions of a country, such as the UK’s Midlands and South East.

Answer: Industrialization concentrates in regions with better infrastructure, access to markets, skilled labor, and historical development advantages, leading to regional disparities.

Question 2: Analyse the causes of the urban-rural development disparity in Nigeria.

Answer: Causes include access to services, infrastructure, employment opportunities, and government investment favoring urban areas.

Question 3: Explain how natural resources can both reduce and widen the Development Gap.

Answer: Resources can boost economic growth and development, but can also lead to resource dependence, corruption, and environmental degradation, widening disparities.

Question 1: To what extent are international aid and investment effective in reducing the Development Gap in developing countries like Nigeria? Support your answer with examples.

Answer: International aid and investment can provide crucial infrastructure, healthcare, and education improvements, but effectiveness varies due to issues like dependency, corruption, and misallocation. For example, aid in Nigeria has helped build schools but has often failed to address systemic challenges, leading to mixed outcomes. Sustainable development requires a combination of aid, good governance, and local capacity building.

Question 2: Evaluate the role of infrastructure development in narrowing the Development Gap within the UK, considering recent policies in the North of England.

Answer: Infrastructure development, such as transportation and digital connectivity improvements, plays a significant role in boosting economic activity and employment in deprived areas like the North of England. Policies aimed at decentralizing investment can reduce regional disparities, yet challenges remain in ensuring equal access and long-term sustainability. Overall, infrastructure is vital but must be part of a comprehensive strategy including education and enterprise support.