Question 1: Define GDP and explain its significance as a development indicator.

Answer: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total value of goods and services produced within a country in a year. It indicates the economic activity level and overall economic health.

Question 2: What does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure?

Answer: The HDI measures a country's average achievements in health (life expectancy), education, and standard of living (GNI per capita).

Question 3: Describe literacy rate and its importance in assessing development.

Answer: Literacy rate is the percentage of people who can read and write. It reflects education levels and social development in a country.

Question 4: Explain what life expectancy indicates about a country's health standards.

Answer: Life expectancy is the average number of years a person is expected to live. Higher life expectancy indicates better healthcare and living conditions.

Question 5: What is an example of a low-income country and a high-income country?

Answer: Low-income country example: Nigeria; High-income country example: the United Kingdom.

Question 1: Which development indicator combines income, education, and health measures to assess a country's overall development?

Answer: Human Development Index (HDI)

Question 2: Name the country with the highest HDI as of 2022.

Answer: Norway

Question 3: What does a high GDP per capita generally indicate about a country?

Answer: It indicates a higher average income and a potentially higher standard of living.

Question 4: Identify two factors that can cause a country's HDI to decline.

Answer: Poor healthcare systems and conflict or war.

Question 5: Name a country with a low literacy rate and explain how this affects its development.

Answer: Chad; Low literacy limits economic growth and reduces access to employment and services.

Question 1: Read the case study on Nigeria's development. Based on the data provided, identify two challenges Nigeria faces in improving its HDI.

Answer: Challenges include high poverty levels and inadequate healthcare infrastructure.

Question 2: Using the case study, explain how education levels in India have impacted its economic growth.

Answer: High literacy rates in India have contributed to a more skilled workforce, attracting investment and supporting economic expansion.

Question 3: Discuss how access to clean water influences health and development in India, based on the case study.

Answer: Access to clean water reduces disease, improves health outcomes, and enables better productivity and economic development.

Question 4: Evaluate the effectiveness of Nigeria's recent policies aimed at reducing poverty based on the case study.

Answer: Nigeria's policies, such as social welfare programs and investment in healthcare, have shown mixed results; while some improvements are evident, challenges remain due to corruption and infrastructure deficits. Overall, progress is ongoing but limited in scope.

Question 1: Analyse the causes of the global disparity in HDI between countries like Norway and Nigeria.

Answer: Disparities are caused by differences in economic wealth, healthcare systems, education access, political stability, and infrastructure development. Norway benefits from a strong economy, high-quality healthcare, and social services, whereas Nigeria faces challenges like political instability and limited healthcare access.

Question 2: Explain why rural areas tend to have lower development indicators compared to urban areas.

Answer: Rural areas often lack access to quality education, healthcare, infrastructure, and employment opportunities, leading to lower development indicators.

Question 1: To what extent do development strategies such as foreign aid and investment improve a country's HDI? Consider both benefits and limitations.

Answer: Development strategies like foreign aid and investment can provide essential funding for healthcare, education, and infrastructure, leading to improvements in HDI. However, their effectiveness depends on proper management, local governance, and avoiding dependency. In some cases, aid can lead to corruption or fail to address root causes of underdevelopment, limiting long-term progress. Overall, while beneficial, these strategies require careful implementation and complementary policies to be fully effective.

Question 2: Evaluate the impact of economic growth on social development in emerging economies such as India.

Answer: Economic growth in countries like India often leads to improved living standards, better healthcare, and increased employment opportunities, which can enhance social development. However, without equitable distribution, growth can widen income inequalities, leaving marginalized groups behind. Rapid urbanization may strain infrastructure and services, reducing overall quality of life. Sustainable development requires balancing economic expansion with social equity, making the impact complex and multifaceted.