Question 1: What is 'sustainable tourism'?

Answer: Tourism that minimizes environmental impact, respects local culture, and ensures economic benefits for future generations.

Question 2: Define 'tourism leakage'.

Answer: The loss of income from tourism due to foreign ownership, imports, or money leaving the local economy.

Question 3: What does 'economic development' mean?

Answer: An improvement in the standard of living, income levels, and infrastructure of a country or region.

Question 4: Name a country that has experienced rapid tourism growth in recent years.

Answer: Kenya, Spain, Thailand, or the Maldives.

Question 5: Give an example of a popular tourist destination in Spain.

Answer: Barcelona, Costa del Sol, Madrid, or the Balearic Islands.

Question 1: Which sector does tourism primarily belong to?

Answer: Tertiary sector

Question 2: Name two benefits of tourism for a developing country like Kenya.

Answer: Employment creation and foreign exchange earnings.

Question 3: What is 'mass tourism'?

Answer: Large numbers of tourists visiting the same destination, often leading to environmental and social pressures.

Question 4: Identify one challenge faced by coastal resorts in Spain due to tourism.

Answer: Environmental degradation, pollution, or congestion.

Question 5: Which UK region is a major hub for international tourism?

Answer: London

Question 1: Based on the case study, list two economic benefits Kenya has gained from tourism.

Answer: Increased foreign currency earnings and job creation in local communities.

Question 2: Identify two environmental impacts of tourism in Kenya’s Maasai Mara.

Answer: Habitat disturbance and increased pollution.

Question 3: Suggest one sustainable tourism strategy that Kenya could implement to reduce environmental damage.

Answer: Implementing eco-tourism initiatives and limiting the number of visitors.

Question 4: Explain how tourism growth has affected local Maasai communities.

Answer: Tourism has provided employment opportunities, improved infrastructure, but has also led to cultural changes and potential loss of traditional lifestyles.

Question 1: Analyse the causes of over-tourism in popular destinations like Barcelona.

Answer: Increased accessibility through low-cost airlines, social media promotion, high disposable incomes, and the appeal of cultural and historic attractions drive mass visitation, leading to over-tourism.

Question 2: Explain why some countries, such as Costa Rica, promote eco-tourism.

Answer: To conserve natural environments, reduce environmental impact, and attract tourists interested in sustainable travel.

Question 3: Describe the pattern of tourism development in the Mediterranean region.

Answer: Initial development in coastal areas like the Costa del Sol, with expansion to inland resorts; growth driven by climate, accessibility, and existing infrastructure.

Question 1: To what extent has tourism contributed to sustainable development in Kenya? Consider economic, environmental, and social factors in your answer.

Answer: Tourism has significantly contributed to Kenya’s economic growth through foreign exchange and employment, but challenges such as environmental degradation and cultural impacts require ongoing management. Sustainable strategies like eco-tourism can enhance positive effects, but over-reliance on tourism may pose risks to long-term sustainability.

Question 2: Evaluate the effectiveness of tourism management strategies in the Balearic Islands, Spain.

Answer: Management strategies such as limiting visitor numbers, promoting eco-tourism, and investing in infrastructure have helped reduce environmental impacts and manage congestion. However, economic dependence on tourism remains high, and balancing growth with sustainability continues to be a challenge. Overall, strategies have been moderately successful, but further measures are needed for long-term sustainability.