Question 1: Define 'deindustrialisation' and give an example of a UK region affected by it.

Answer: Deindustrialisation is the decline of manufacturing industries in a region, leading to job losses; for example, the decline of coal mining in South Wales.

Question 2: What is meant by 'regional disparity' in the context of the UK economy?

Answer: Regional disparity refers to differences in economic development, income levels, and employment opportunities between regions in the UK.

Question 3: Explain 'globalisation' and its impact on UK economic change.

Answer: Globalisation is the increasing interconnectedness of economies worldwide, which has led to growth in sectors like finance and technology in the UK, especially in London.

Question 4: Define 'urbanisation' and cite a UK city that has experienced rapid growth due to economic change.

Answer: Urbanisation is the increase in the proportion of people living in cities; London is a prime example of rapid urban growth linked to economic change.

Question 5: What is 'economic diversification' and why is it important for UK regions?

Answer: Economic diversification involves developing multiple industries to reduce dependence on one sector; it helps regions become more resilient to economic fluctuations.

Question 1: Which UK city is known as the financial centre and has benefited from globalisation?

Answer: London

Question 2: Name two regions in the UK that have faced economic decline due to deindustrialisation.

Answer: South Wales and the North East.

Question 3: What sector has become the dominant part of the UK economy in recent decades?

Answer: Services

Question 4: Identify one government initiative aimed at boosting economic growth in northern England.

Answer: The Northern Powerhouse initiative.

Question 5: What is the main reason for regional disparities in the UK?

Answer: Differences in industrial history, investment, infrastructure, and access to markets.

Question 1: The London financial sector has expanded due to globalisation and deregulation. Discuss how this has affected the wider UK economy.

Answer: The expansion of London's financial sector has increased national income, attracted international investment, and created many high-skilled jobs. However, it has also contributed to regional disparities, with other areas lagging behind economically. This growth has reinforced London's position as a global financial hub, but it may also lead to increased cost of living and economic inequality across the UK.

Question 2: Explain how the Northern Powerhouse initiative aims to address regional disparities in the UK.

Answer: The Northern Powerhouse aims to boost economic growth in northern England by investing in transport infrastructure, improving education and skills, and encouraging business development. It seeks to attract investment, create jobs, and reduce the economic gap between northern regions and London, promoting more balanced national growth.

Question 3: Analyze the impacts of deindustrialisation on communities in the UK, citing specific examples.

Answer: Deindustrialisation has led to job losses and economic decline in regions like South Wales and the North East, causing unemployment and social issues. Communities dependent on manufacturing industries have faced economic hardship, depopulation, and reduced public services. Conversely, some areas have shifted towards service sectors, but the transition can be difficult for affected communities.

Question 1: Explain the main causes of deindustrialisation in the UK since the 1970s.

Answer: Causes include global competition from cheaper overseas manufacturing, technological changes reducing demand for traditional industries, and government policies favoring the service sector.

Question 2: Analyze the pattern of urbanisation in the UK and its link to economic change.

Answer: Urbanisation in the UK has accelerated due to industrial growth and later service sector expansion, with major cities like London, Manchester, and Birmingham experiencing rapid population growth linked to employment opportunities and infrastructure development.

Question 3: Explain why some regions in the UK have experienced economic decline while others have prospered.

Answer: Regions with a history of manufacturing, such as South Wales and the North East, have faced decline due to deindustrialisation, while regions with strong financial and technological sectors, like London and the South East, have prospered due to globalisation and investment.

Question 1: To what extent have government policies been successful in reducing regional disparities in the UK? Evaluate with examples.

Answer: Government policies such as the Northern Powerhouse and investment in infrastructure aim to reduce regional disparities. While these initiatives have attracted investment and created jobs in northern regions, challenges remain due to persistent economic inequalities and infrastructural gaps. Success varies depending on the region and the specific policy measures, and some argue that more comprehensive strategies are needed for long-term equality.

Question 2: Evaluate the positive and negative impacts of UK economic change on society and the environment.

Answer: Economic change has led to increased wealth, job creation, and global influence, especially in London. However, it has also caused social inequalities, housing shortages, and environmental issues such as pollution. Balancing economic growth with social and environmental sustainability remains a key challenge for policymakers.