Question 1: What is 'regional inequality'?

Answer: Differences in economic development, income, and living standards between regions.

Question 2: Define 'deindustrialization' and give an example relevant to Northern England.

Answer: The decline of heavy industry; e.g., decline of coal mining in Yorkshire.

Question 3: What is 'economic regeneration'?

Answer: Efforts to improve economic activity and employment in a region.

Question 4: Name the financial hub located in the South that contributes to regional wealth.

Answer: London

Question 5: Identify one government policy aimed at reducing regional disparities in the UK.

Answer: The Northern Powerhouse initiative

Question 1: Which region of the UK has the highest average income levels?

Answer: South East of England

Question 2: Name two major cities in the North that have experienced industrial decline.

Answer: Manchester and Sheffield

Question 3: What is a primary reason for the economic disparity between North and South?

Answer: Historical reliance on heavy industry in the North and the service sector in the South.

Question 4: Name one region in the North that has received government funding for regeneration projects.

Answer: Tees Valley

Question 5: Estimate the population difference between London and a typical northern city like Newcastle.

Answer: London's population is around 9 million, while Newcastle's is approximately 150,000.

Question 1: Based on the case study, explain how deindustrialization affected the economy of the North of England.

Answer: Deindustrialization led to the closure of coal mines, steelworks, and factories, resulting in job losses, lower income levels, and economic decline in cities like Sheffield and Leeds.

Question 2: Identify two regeneration projects mentioned in the case study and their impact on local employment.

Answer: The Liverpool Waters project and the Sheffield City Region Enterprise Zone; both have created new jobs and attracted investment.

Question 3: Discuss the role of infrastructure investment in reducing regional disparities in the case study area.

Answer: Infrastructure investments, such as improved transport links and business parks, have facilitated economic growth and improved connectivity, helping to attract businesses and reduce disparities.

Question 4: Evaluate the effectiveness of government policies aimed at regenerating the North of England.

Answer: While policies like the Northern Powerhouse have attracted investment and improved infrastructure, challenges such as persistent unemployment and skills gaps remain. The success varies across regions, indicating partial effectiveness.

Question 1: Explain why deindustrialization contributed to regional inequality in the UK.

Answer: Deindustrialization led to the loss of traditional manufacturing jobs in the North, causing economic decline, reduced income levels, and higher unemployment rates. The shift from manufacturing to service-based industries concentrated wealth in the South, intensifying regional disparity.

Question 2: Analyse the causes of the North-South divide, considering historical, economic, and infrastructural factors.

Answer: Historical dependence on heavy industry in the North led to decline when industries closed. The South benefited from better infrastructure, proximity to London, and investment in the service sector. These factors created a cycle of economic growth in the South and decline in the North.

Question 3: Describe how regional planning policies attempt to address the North-South divide.

Answer: Policies such as the Northern Powerhouse aim to improve infrastructure, attract investment, and promote innovation in northern regions to balance economic growth across the UK.

Question 1: To what extent have regeneration projects successfully reduced the economic disparity between the North and South of the UK? Support your answer with examples and analysis.

Answer: Regeneration projects have had mixed success. Initiatives like the Sheffield City Region Enterprise Zone have created jobs and attracted investment, but persistent issues such as skills gaps and transport infrastructure limitations mean disparities remain. Overall, these strategies have contributed positively but are not yet fully effective in closing the gap.

Question 2: Evaluate the impact of government policies like the Northern Powerhouse on regional equality, considering economic, social, and infrastructural factors.

Answer: The Northern Powerhouse has improved infrastructure, attracted investment, and promoted innovation, leading to economic growth in northern cities. However, challenges such as unequal access to quality education, persistent unemployment, and regional skills shortages limit its overall impact. While progress is evident, complete regional equality remains a work in progress, highlighting the need for comprehensive strategies addressing social and economic factors.