Question 1: Define 'favelas' and explain their significance in Rio de Janeiro.

Answer: Favelas are informal, often illegal settlements characterized by poverty, high population density, and limited access to services. In Rio, they house a significant portion of the population and highlight social inequality.

Question 2: What is urbanisation, and how does it relate to Rio de Janeiro?

Answer: Urbanisation is the increasing number of people living in cities. Rio de Janeiro has experienced rapid urban growth, leading to challenges such as overpopulation and inadequate infrastructure.

Question 3: Define 'regeneration' in an urban context, with an example from Rio.

Answer: Regeneration refers to the redevelopment or renewal of urban areas to improve living conditions. An example in Rio is the revitalisation of the port area.

Question 4: Explain 'social inequality' and how it manifests in Rio de Janeiro.

Answer: Social inequality is the unequal distribution of resources, wealth, and opportunities. In Rio, it manifests through disparities between wealthy neighborhoods and impoverished favelas.

Question 5: What is 'urban sprawl'?

Answer: Urban sprawl is the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into surrounding rural land.

Question 1: Which district in Rio is known for its famous beaches and tourism industry?

Answer: Copacabana

Question 2: Name the large informal settlements located on the hillsides of Rio de Janeiro.

Answer: Favelas

Question 3: What percentage of Rio's population lives in favelas?

Answer: Approximately 20-25%

Question 4: Identify two environmental issues caused by rapid urban growth in Rio.

Answer: Pollution and waste management problems.

Question 5: What is the main purpose of the Favela Bairro project?

Answer: To improve living conditions and infrastructure in favelas

Question 1: Based on the case study of Rio, describe the main social challenges faced by the city’s residents.

Answer: Residents face issues such as high levels of poverty, inadequate housing in favelas, limited access to healthcare and education, and social inequality between wealthy and poor areas.

Question 2: Explain how traffic congestion impacts Rio de Janeiro's urban environment and residents.

Answer: Traffic congestion causes longer commute times, increased air pollution, economic losses, and reduces the quality of life for residents.

Question 3: Identify two strategies Rio has implemented to address urban challenges.

Answer: The Favela Bairro programme and the construction of new transport infrastructure like the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system.

Question 4: Discuss the role of tourism in Rio’s urban economy and its impact on urban development.

Answer: Tourism is a major contributor to Rio’s economy, leading to urban development in areas like Copacabana and Ipanema. However, it can also contribute to gentrification and social inequality, as local residents may be displaced by tourism-related projects.

Question 1: Explain why rapid urbanisation in Rio has led to the growth of favelas.

Answer: Rapid urbanisation due to rural-urban migration has increased demand for affordable housing. Limited formal housing options and economic inequality have led to the growth of informal settlements on the city’s outskirts and hillside areas.

Question 2: Analyse the environmental impacts of urban sprawl in Rio de Janeiro.

Answer: Urban sprawl has led to deforestation, loss of natural habitats, increased pollution, and strain on water and waste management systems, affecting both urban and surrounding rural environments.

Question 3: Explain the reasons behind traffic congestion in Rio and suggest possible solutions.

Answer: Reasons include high car ownership, inadequate public transport, and narrow roads. Solutions could include improving public transport, implementing congestion charges, and developing new transport infrastructure.

Question 1: To what extent have regeneration projects like Favela Bairro improved living conditions in Rio de Janeiro? Consider social, economic, and environmental factors in your answer.

Answer: Regeneration projects such as Favela Bairro have improved infrastructure, access to services, and reduced crime in some areas, but challenges remain due to ongoing social inequalities, displacement risks, and limited reach. Overall, they have made significant improvements but are not a complete solution to all urban issues.