Question 1: Define 'Squatter Settlement'.

Answer: An informal housing area built on land without legal permission, often characterized by unplanned settlements and inadequate infrastructure.

Question 2: What is 'urbanization'?

Answer: The increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas, often leading to rapid growth and development challenges.

Question 3: Explain 'social inequality' in the context of urban areas.

Answer: The unequal distribution of resources, services, and opportunities among different social groups within a city, often exacerbated in squatter settlements.

Question 4: Name two common features of squatter settlements.

Answer: High population density and poorly constructed housing.

Question 5: Give an example of a famous squatter settlement.

Answer: Dharavi in Mumbai, India.

Question 1: Which of the following is a common cause of squatter settlements?

Answer: Rural-urban migration

Question 2: Name the city in India known for the large squatter settlement of Dharavi.

Answer: Mumbai

Question 3: What infrastructure deficiencies are commonly found in squatter settlements?

Answer: Lack of clean water, sanitation, electricity, and proper roads.

Question 4: Describe one environmental problem associated with squatter settlements.

Answer: Illegal dumping of waste leading to pollution and health hazards.

Question 1: Based on the case of Dharavi, identify two social impacts of squatter settlements.

Answer: Overcrowding leading to poor living conditions and increased health risks; limited access to education and healthcare services.

Question 2: Analyze how the high population density in Dharavi affects local infrastructure.

Answer: It strains existing infrastructure, resulting in inadequate sanitation, overburdened roads, and insufficient utilities, which exacerbate health and safety issues.

Question 3: Evaluate the economic role of Dharavi within Mumbai.

Answer: Dharavi is a major hub for small-scale industries, recycling, and manufacturing, providing employment for thousands. Despite poor living conditions, it contributes significantly to Mumbai's economy and waste management.

Question 1: Explain why rural-urban migration contributes to the growth of squatter settlements in cities like Rio de Janeiro.

Answer: Rural-urban migration leads to an influx of people seeking better economic opportunities, but often city infrastructure cannot accommodate the rapid population increase, resulting in informal settlements like Rocinha. Limited affordable housing options force migrants to settle illegally on marginal land.

Question 2: Analyse the environmental factors that can lead to the development of squatter settlements.

Answer: Factors such as proximity to industrial areas, marginal land prone to flooding, and deforestation can make land suitable for informal settlements, especially when affordable land is scarce.

Question 3: Explain how economic inequality influences where squatter settlements develop.

Answer: Economic inequality causes poorer populations to settle on land that is cheaper or available on the outskirts of cities, often in hazardous or underserved areas, due to lack of affordable legal housing.

Question 1: To what extent are government-led resettlement schemes successful in reducing the growth of squatter settlements? Consider both benefits and drawbacks.

Answer: Government resettlement schemes can provide legal housing and improve living conditions, but often face issues such as displacement of communities, high costs, and resistance from residents. Their success varies depending on implementation, funding, and community involvement. While they can reduce informal settlement growth, without addressing underlying causes like poverty and rural-urban migration, new squatter settlements may still develop elsewhere.