Question 1: Define 'urbanisation'.

Answer: The process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in urban areas.

Question 2: What is 'rural-urban migration'?

Answer: The movement of people from rural areas to cities in search of better economic opportunities.

Question 3: Explain 'urban sprawl'.

Answer: The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into surrounding rural land, often leading to increased traffic and environmental issues.

Question 4: What is 'slum development'? Provide an example.

Answer: The growth of impoverished, overcrowded urban areas lacking basic services, e.g., Dharavi in Mumbai.

Question 5: Name two push factors that drive rural-urban migration.

Answer: Lack of employment opportunities and poor living conditions in rural areas.

Question 1: Which city experienced the fastest urban population growth between 2000 and 2020?

Answer: Lagos

Question 2: Name the process where cities expand into surrounding rural land.

Answer: Urban sprawl

Question 3: List two impacts of rapid urbanisation on infrastructure.

Answer: Overcrowded transport systems and inadequate sewage and water supply.

Question 4: What are megacities? Provide an example from Africa or Asia.

Answer: Cities with a population over 10 million, e.g., Dhaka or Lagos.

Question 1: Describe two major causes of rapid urbanisation in Lagos.

Answer: Rural-urban migration driven by employment opportunities and natural population growth.

Question 2: Identify two challenges Lagos faces due to its rapid growth.

Answer: Traffic congestion and inadequate housing leading to the growth of slums.

Question 3: Suggest one sustainable strategy Lagos could use to improve urban living conditions.

Answer: Implementing integrated urban planning with investment in infrastructure and affordable housing.

Question 4: Explain how Lagos’s port and economic activities influence its urban growth.

Answer: Lagos’s port facilitates trade and attracts industries, which in turn draws more people seeking employment, fueling urban expansion.

Question 1: Analyse the causes of urban sprawl in London.

Answer: Urban sprawl in London is caused by population growth, availability of land, and policies promoting residential expansion. It is also driven by the desire for larger homes and cheaper land outside the city centre, leading to the outward spread of suburbs.

Question 2: Explain why mega-cities tend to develop in developing countries.

Answer: Mega-cities develop in developing countries due to high rural-urban migration, rapid natural population growth, limited rural opportunities, and economic incentives in urban centres attracting migrants.

Question 3: Describe the role of industrialisation in urban growth in Manchester.

Answer: Industrialisation in Manchester attracted workers seeking employment, leading to population growth and urban expansion, especially during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Question 1: To what extent have urban regeneration projects in London improved living standards? Evaluate considering economic, social, and environmental factors.

Answer: Urban regeneration in London has led to improved housing, better infrastructure, and new employment opportunities, positively impacting living standards. However, challenges such as gentrification, rising property prices, and displacement of low-income residents highlight limitations. Overall, while regeneration has brought significant benefits, issues of inequality and environmental sustainability remain, meaning its success is mixed and context-dependent.

Question 2: Evaluate the effectiveness of strategies like improved public transport and green spaces in managing urban challenges in Lagos.

Answer: Strategies such as expanding public transport can reduce traffic congestion and pollution, while green spaces improve air quality and provide recreational areas. In Lagos, initiatives have shown some success, but rapid population growth and limited funding hinder full implementation. Long-term sustainability depends on consistent investment and integrated urban planning, making these strategies partially effective but requiring further development.