Question 1: Define 'urbanisation' and give an example of a UK city experiencing rapid urban growth.

Answer: Urbanisation is the increase in the proportion of people living in cities. An example is London, which has experienced significant population growth due to rural-urban migration.

Question 2: What is meant by 'regional disparity' in the context of the UK?

Answer: Regional disparity refers to economic and social inequalities between different regions, such as the wealth gap between London and northern cities like Newcastle.

Question 3: Explain the term 'inner city' and its typical characteristics in UK urban areas.

Answer: An inner city is the central area of a city, often characterized by high population density, older buildings, and sometimes social deprivation.

Question 4: Describe 'gentrification' and provide an example from a UK city.

Answer: Gentrification is the process where wealthier people move into previously poorer urban areas, leading to rising property prices and displacement. An example is Shoreditch in London.

Question 5: What role do transportation networks play in UK urban development?

Answer: Transportation networks facilitate movement of people and goods, encouraging urban growth, economic development, and regional connectivity.

Question 1: Which UK city is known as the financial centre and has experienced significant international migration?

Answer: London

Question 2: Name two factors that have contributed to the decline of traditional industries in northern UK cities.

Answer: Deindustrialisation and global competition

Question 3: Identify the term used to describe the process where affluent people move into urban areas, often leading to rising property prices.

Answer: Gentrification

Question 4: What is the main purpose of the UK's transport infrastructure?

Answer: To facilitate the movement of people and goods across regions, supporting economic activity and urban connectivity.

Question 1: Based on the case study, explain two reasons why London continues to attract migrants from rural areas and other countries.

Answer: London attracts migrants due to its diverse job opportunities, availability of education and healthcare, and its role as a financial and cultural hub.

Question 2: Describe how the growth of Manchester as a media and technology hub has impacted its urban development and employment opportunities.

Answer: Manchester's development as a media and tech centre has led to new employment opportunities, regeneration of former industrial areas, and increased population growth.

Question 3: Identify two challenges faced by London due to rapid urban growth as described in the case study.

Answer: Housing shortages and traffic congestion

Question 1: Analyse the main causes of regional disparity between London and northern cities like Liverpool.

Answer: Causes include historical deindustrialisation in the north, investment concentration in London, differences in infrastructure, and variations in educational and employment opportunities.

Question 2: Explain why urban areas in the UK are experiencing increased social inequality.

Answer: Social inequality arises from unequal access to housing, education, and employment; gentrification displaces lower-income residents; and regional investment favoring affluent urban centres exacerbates disparities.

Question 1: To what extent have regeneration projects in cities like Birmingham successfully reduced urban decline and social inequality? Evaluate with reference to specific initiatives.

Answer: Regeneration projects in Birmingham, such as the Bullring shopping centre and Digbeth development, have improved urban infrastructure and attracted investment. However, challenges remain, such as social inequality and displacement of local communities. Overall, these strategies have had mixed success, with some areas benefiting more than others.