Question 1: Urbanization: The process by which rural areas develop into cities due to population growth and economic development. Example: Nairobi, Kenya.

Answer: Urbanization

Question 2: Colonialism: The control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, often impacting Africa's political boundaries and development.

Answer: Colonialism

Question 3: Demographic Transition: The shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as countries develop economically. Example: South Africa.

Answer: Demographic Transition

Question 4: Economic Development: Progress in an economy, leading to improved living standards, infrastructure, and employment opportunities.

Answer: Economic Development

Question 5: Migration: The movement of people from one place to another, often influenced by economic, social, or political factors. Example: Rural to urban migration in Nigeria.

Answer: Migration

Question 1: Which African country is known for its rapid urban growth and is often called the 'Silicon Savannah'?

Answer: Kenya

Question 2: Name the major city in South Africa that serves as its economic hub and has experienced significant urban expansion.

Answer: Johannesburg

Question 3: What is the primary cause of rural-urban migration in Nigeria?

Answer: Search for employment opportunities and better living standards

Question 4: Which factor has most contributed to the spread of HIV/AIDS in parts of Africa?

Answer: Lack of healthcare and education

Question 5: Describe one way in which colonial history has affected the borders of African countries today.

Answer: Borders often follow colonial boundaries, ignoring ethnic or cultural divisions, leading to conflicts.

Question 1: Nigeria's population has grown rapidly over the past 50 years, leading to increased urbanization, especially in Lagos. Discuss two social impacts of this rapid urban growth.

Answer: Overcrowding leading to inadequate housing and services; increased unemployment and poverty; strain on infrastructure like roads and sanitation.

Question 2: Identify one economic challenge and one environmental challenge faced by Lagos due to rapid urbanization.

Answer: Economic challenge: Unemployment; Environmental challenge: Pollution and waste management issues.

Question 1: Explain why urban areas in Africa are experiencing faster growth compared to rural areas.

Answer: Urban areas attract people due to better employment, education, healthcare, and infrastructure, leading to rural-urban migration.

Question 2: Analyse the causes of high birth rates in some African countries and how this affects urban growth.

Answer: High birth rates are driven by cultural factors, lack of family planning, and limited access to healthcare. This contributes to rapid population growth and increased urbanization pressures.

Question 3: Explain how colonial legacy has influenced the distribution of urban centers in Africa.

Answer: Colonial powers established administrative and economic centers along coastlines and resource-rich areas, influencing current urban distribution.

Question 1: To what extent have urbanization and economic development in African cities like Lagos and Johannesburg improved living standards? Evaluate with reference to social, economic, and environmental factors.

Answer: Urbanization has led to economic growth and improved access to services in cities; however, it has also caused overcrowding, pollution, and inadequate infrastructure, which limit overall improvements. While some residents benefit from better opportunities, many face challenges like slum conditions and environmental degradation, making the impact mixed and context-dependent.