Question 1: Define 'urbanization' and provide an example of a European city that has experienced rapid urban growth.

Answer: Urbanization is the increase in the proportion of people living in cities. Example: Paris has experienced significant urban growth over the last century.

Question 2: What is the 'European Union' and how does it influence member countries?

Answer: The European Union is a political and economic union of European countries that promotes free trade, legislation harmonization, and political cooperation among members.

Question 3: Explain the term 'cultural region' with an example from Europe.

Answer: A cultural region is an area where people share common cultural traits. Example: The Basque Country in Spain and France is a distinct cultural region.

Question 4: Define 'demographic transition' and its relevance to Europe's population trends.

Answer: Demographic transition describes the shift from high birth and death rates to lower rates as societies develop. In Europe, it explains aging populations and declining birth rates.

Question 5: What is 'regional disparity' and how does it manifest in Europe?

Answer: Regional disparity refers to economic and social inequalities between regions. In Europe, disparities are evident between Western and Eastern countries in income and development levels.

Question 1: Which country is the largest by land area in Europe?

Answer: Russia

Question 2: Name the European city known as the 'Silicon Valley of Europe' due to its technology industry.

Answer: Berlin

Question 3: Identify two major economic regions within the European Union.

Answer: Western Europe and Central Europe

Question 4: What are the main causes of urbanization in European cities?

Answer: Factors include economic opportunities, better services, industrialization, and rural-urban migration.

Question 5: Name the European country with the highest population density.

Answer: Monaco

Question 1: Based on the case study of the European Union, discuss two benefits of economic integration for member countries.

Answer: Benefits include increased trade and investment, and the promotion of political stability and cooperation among member states.

Question 2: Describe how urbanization in cities like Paris and Berlin has impacted transportation infrastructure.

Answer: Urbanization has led to expanded public transport systems, increased road networks, and the development of sustainable transit options to accommodate growing populations.

Question 3: Explain the challenges faced by Eastern European countries in integrating into the European Union.

Answer: Challenges include economic disparities, differences in legal frameworks, infrastructure gaps, and social adjustments needed for integration.

Question 4: Assess the role of migration in shaping Europe's demographic landscape, citing specific examples.

Answer: Migration from Eastern to Western Europe has contributed to population shifts, workforce changes, and cultural diversity, exemplified by migration from Poland to the UK.

Question 1: Explain why urban areas in Europe tend to be more economically developed than rural areas.

Answer: Urban areas attract industries, services, and investment, providing better employment, infrastructure, and educational opportunities, leading to higher economic development compared to rural areas.

Question 2: Analyse the causes of regional disparities within Europe, considering historical, economic, and political factors.

Answer: Regional disparities are caused by historical development patterns, differing levels of industrialization, access to resources, political stability, and policies that favor certain regions over others, leading to uneven growth across Europe.

Question 3: Explain the impact of the European Union's policies on reducing regional disparities.

Answer: EU policies such as regional development funds and infrastructure projects aim to promote economic convergence, improve connectivity, and support less developed regions, thereby reducing disparities.

Question 1: To what extent has the European Union been successful in promoting economic cohesion among member states? Consider both achievements and ongoing challenges.

Answer: The EU has made significant progress through policies like regional funds, free movement, and economic integration, leading to reduced disparities and increased prosperity in many regions. However, challenges remain, such as economic inequalities between Western and Eastern Europe, Brexit's impact, and differing national policies that hinder full cohesion. Overall, while successful in many aspects, the EU continues to face obstacles in achieving complete economic harmony.