Question 1: Define 'urbanization' and provide an example from a European city.

Answer: Urbanization is the process of population movement from rural to urban areas, leading to the growth of cities; for example, the rapid expansion of Madrid in Spain.

Question 2: What is 'migration', and how has it shaped Europe's demographic profile?

Answer: Migration is the movement of people from one place to another; in Europe, migration has led to increased cultural diversity and demographic shifts, especially with influxes from Africa and the Middle East.

Question 3: Explain 'economic disparity' with reference to Western and Eastern Europe.

Answer: Economic disparity refers to the differences in income, employment, and living standards; Western Europe generally has higher levels compared to Eastern European countries like Bulgaria.

Question 4: Define 'European Union' and mention two benefits it provides to member countries.

Answer: The European Union is a political and economic union of European countries; benefits include free trade and movement of people among member states.

Question 5: What is 'cultural diversity' and why is it prominent in Europe?

Answer: Cultural diversity refers to the variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a region; Europe is diverse due to its long history of migration and historical borders.

Question 1: Name the capital cities of France, Germany, and Italy.

Answer: Paris, Berlin, Rome

Question 2: Which European country has the highest population density?

Answer: Monaco

Question 3: Identify two major economic activities in Southern Europe.

Answer: Tourism and agriculture

Question 4: What is the main purpose of the Schengen Area?

Answer: Allow free movement across member countries without border checks

Question 5: Describe the impact of urbanization on European cities.

Answer: Urbanization has led to overcrowding, increased demand for housing, infrastructure development, and challenges like pollution and traffic congestion.

Question 1: Discuss how the European Union has influenced migration patterns within member countries.

Answer: The EU's policies have facilitated free movement, leading to increased migration from Eastern to Western Europe, which has boosted labor markets but also created social integration challenges.

Question 2: Evaluate the economic impact of the Schengen Agreement on border countries like France and Germany.

Answer: The Schengen Agreement has enhanced trade and mobility, reducing border checks and fostering economic growth, though it also raises concerns about border security and illegal migration.

Question 1: Explain why urban areas in Europe are experiencing population growth.

Answer: Urban areas are experiencing growth due to rural-urban migration, economic opportunities, better services, and global migration flows bringing diverse populations.

Question 2: Analyze the causes of demographic aging in European countries.

Answer: Demographic aging is caused by declining birth rates, increased life expectancy, and low fertility rates, leading to a higher proportion of elderly populations.

Question 3: Explain the impact of migration on Europe's workforce and social services.

Answer: Migration can fill labor shortages and contribute to economic growth but may also strain social services and create integration challenges.

Question 1: To what extent has the European Union succeeded in promoting economic cohesion among its member states?

Answer: The EU has made significant strides in promoting economic cohesion through policies like the single market and structural funds, reducing disparities between Western and Eastern Europe. However, challenges remain, such as economic inequalities, differing national interests, and regional disparities. While integration has fostered economic growth and stability, some regions still lag behind, suggesting partial success. Overall, the EU's efforts have advanced economic cohesion but require ongoing adjustments to address persistent inequalities.