Question 1: Urbanization: The process by which cities grow as a result of rural migration and natural population growth. Example: The rapid expansion of Los Angeles.

Answer: Urbanization involves city growth due to migration and natural increase, exemplified by cities like Los Angeles.

Question 2: Economic diversification: The expansion of an economy into new sectors beyond primary industries. Example: Canada's shift from resource extraction to technology.

Answer: Economic diversification is expanding economic sectors, such as Canada's move from resources to tech industries.

Question 3: Migration: The movement of people from one region to another, often for employment or better living conditions. Example: Mexican migration to the US.

Answer: Migration is moving people between regions, like Mexican migration to the US for work opportunities.

Question 4: Cultural diversity: The variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a region. Example: The multicultural cities of Toronto and Los Angeles.

Answer: Cultural diversity refers to multiple ethnic groups, as seen in Toronto and Los Angeles.

Question 5: Globalization: The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence. Example: American tech companies expanding worldwide.

Answer: Globalization involves international influence, such as US tech firms expanding globally.

Question 1: Which city is known as the financial capital of Canada?

Answer: Toronto

Question 2: Name the US state that has the largest population and is known for its technological industries.

Answer: California

Question 3: What is the primary factor driving urban growth in cities like Houston and Miami?

Answer: Economic opportunities and migration

Question 4: Identify two major economic sectors in the United States.

Answer: Manufacturing and services

Question 5: Name the Canadian province known for its resource-based economy and major oil reserves.

Answer: Alberta

Question 1: Describe how Silicon Valley has influenced regional economic development in California.

Answer: Silicon Valley has driven economic growth through technological innovation, attracting high-skilled workers, and creating numerous tech companies, which has boosted regional income, employment, and global influence.

Question 2: Analyze the social impacts of rapid urbanization in Silicon Valley, including challenges faced by local communities.

Answer: Rapid urbanization has led to increased housing prices, traffic congestion, and inequality, straining local infrastructure and creating social disparities among residents.

Question 3: Using the Silicon Valley case, explain how technological industries contribute to regional economic resilience.

Answer: Technological industries foster innovation, create high-value jobs, and attract investment, making the region more adaptable to economic shifts and increasing its resilience.

Question 4: Identify potential environmental challenges associated with Silicon Valley’s growth.

Answer: Environmental challenges include increased energy consumption, e-waste, pollution, and strain on water and transportation infrastructure.

Question 1: Explain the causes of urban sprawl in the metropolitan areas of New York and Los Angeles.

Answer: Urban sprawl in New York and Los Angeles is caused by population growth, increased car ownership, availability of land, and economic opportunities attracting people to suburban areas. These factors lead to low-density development and expansion of urban boundaries.

Question 2: Analyse the factors contributing to regional economic disparities between the US and Canada.

Answer: Disparities are influenced by differences in resource distribution, industrial development, policy support, and infrastructure investment. The US benefits from larger markets and diverse industries, while Canada’s economy relies heavily on resource extraction and has less industrial diversity.

Question 3: Explain why cultural diversity is more prominent in urban centers like Toronto and Los Angeles.

Answer: Urban centers attract diverse populations due to employment opportunities, immigration policies, higher education institutions, and better services, leading to multicultural environments.

Question 1: To what extent have regional policies in the US and Canada been successful in managing urban growth and environmental challenges?

Answer: Regional policies such as urban planning regulations, environmental protection laws, and infrastructure investments have had mixed success. In some cities, policies have slowed urban sprawl and improved sustainability, but challenges like housing affordability, pollution, and infrastructure strain persist. Overall, while policies have contributed to better management, ongoing issues require further strategic planning and community involvement.