Question 1: What is 'Indigenous population'?

Answer: The original inhabitants of a region, often with distinct cultural identities.

Question 2: Define 'Pacific Ring of Fire'.

Answer: A major area in the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.

Question 3: What does 'urbanization' mean?

Answer: The process of increasing population in cities and the growth of urban areas.

Question 4: Name the primary economic activities in Papua New Guinea.

Answer: Agriculture, forestry, and mining.

Question 5: Identify two challenges faced by island nations in Oceania.

Answer: Rising sea levels and limited access to healthcare.

Question 1: Which country in Oceania is known for its large landmass and is considered a continent?

Answer: Australia

Question 2: Name the capital city of New Zealand.

Answer: Wellington

Question 3: What is a common feature of many Pacific island nations regarding population density?

Answer: Many have low population densities due to limited land area.

Question 4: Identify two key cultural influences in Oceania.

Answer: Indigenous Melanesian cultures and colonial European influences.

Question 1: Based on the case study of Tuvalu, identify two impacts of rising sea levels on its population and infrastructure.

Answer: Displacement of communities and loss of arable land.

Question 2: Describe one strategy that Tuvalu has implemented to adapt to climate change.

Answer: Investing in seawalls and exploring relocation options.

Question 3: Explain how climate change could affect the economic activities of Pacific island nations.

Answer: Rising sea levels and extreme weather events threaten agriculture, fisheries, and tourism, leading to economic decline.

Question 1: Analyse the main causes of rapid urbanization in Suva, Fiji.

Answer: Rural-urban migration driven by employment opportunities, improved infrastructure, and access to services.

Question 2: Explain the social and environmental impacts of increased urban population in Auckland, New Zealand.

Answer: Overcrowding, strain on resources, pollution, and increased demand for housing and transportation.

Question 3: Analyse how urban planning can mitigate negative effects of urbanization in Port Moresby.

Answer: By promoting sustainable development, expanding public transport, and implementing zoning regulations.

Question 1: To what extent have climate adaptation strategies been successful in Tuvalu? Evaluate considering social, economic, and environmental factors.

Answer: Successful in some areas such as seawall construction and raising awareness, but limited by financial constraints and geographic vulnerability. Strategies have mitigated some risks but cannot fully prevent impacts of sea level rise, requiring ongoing international support and innovative solutions.

Question 2: Evaluate the overall effectiveness of urban planning initiatives in reducing environmental impacts in Auckland.

Answer: Urban planning initiatives have improved sustainability through increased green spaces and improved public transportation, reducing pollution and congestion. However, rapid population growth still poses challenges, indicating that while strategies are somewhat effective, continuous adaptation and investment are necessary for long-term success.