Question 1: Define the term 'gender stereotype' and provide two examples of how they might be portrayed in media content.

Answer: A gender stereotype is a widely held but oversimplified or generalized belief about the roles, behaviors, or characteristics of males and females. Examples include portraying women as homemakers and men as breadwinners, or depicting women as overly emotional and men as stoic.

Question 2: Describe a common way in which female characters are portrayed in action movies. How does this compare to the portrayal of male characters?

Answer: Female characters are often portrayed as less physically powerful, sometimes needing to be rescued or playing supporting roles, whereas male characters are usually depicted as strong, dominant, and active protagonists.

Question 3: Explain how media representations of gender can influence societal perceptions and expectations.

Answer: Media representations shape societal perceptions by reinforcing or challenging stereotypes, influencing what behaviors and roles are considered appropriate for different genders. For example, consistently depicting women as caregivers can reinforce traditional gender roles, while diverse portrayals can promote gender equality.

Question 4: Identify and explain two ways in which advertising might reinforce gender stereotypes.

Answer: Advertising might reinforce stereotypes by showing women primarily in domestic settings, emphasizing beauty and caregiving roles, and portraying men as dominant, competitive, or interested in technology and sports.

Question 5: Describe how a children's TV show might depict gender differently from a mature drama, providing specific examples of content or themes.

Answer: A children's TV show might depict boys as adventurous and brave, and girls as nurturing and caring, often reinforcing traditional roles. In contrast, a mature drama may challenge stereotypes by presenting complex characters of all genders in diverse roles, such as female protagonists in leadership positions or men involved in caregiving.

Question 6: Sketch a character design for a female superhero that challenges traditional gender stereotypes. Include key features that convey strength and independence.

Answer: A correct sketch would depict a female superhero with a practical costume, confident posture, and accessories that symbolize power (e.g., a cape, armor, or utility belt). The character should appear active and capable, not overly sexualized or passive.

Question 7: Discuss how the use of language in media headlines can perpetuate gender stereotypes. Provide an example of a stereotypical headline and a more neutral alternative.

Answer: Language can reinforce stereotypes by emphasizing traditional gender roles or traits, such as using words like 'fragile' for women or 'strong' for men. Example of stereotypical headline: 'Mother Wins Cooking Award'. Neutral alternative: 'Chef Wins Cooking Award'.

Question 8: Identify one media text (e.g., a film, advert, TV show) that you believe portrays gender positively. Explain your choice.

Answer: A student might choose a film like 'Hidden Figures,' which portrays women of diverse backgrounds working as scientists, challenging stereotypes about gender and race, and highlighting female empowerment.

Question 9: Explain the concept of 'hegemonic masculinity' and how it influences media portrayals of men.

Answer: Hegemonic masculinity refers to the culturally dominant idea of what it means to be a 'real man,' emphasizing traits like strength, dominance, and emotional stoicism. Media often portray men conforming to these traits, reinforcing the idea that men should be powerful and unemotional.