Question 1: Define the term 'audience' in the context of media studies.

Answer: An audience is a group of people who receive and interpret media messages.

Question 2: Name and briefly describe the main idea of Stuart Hall’s Encoding/Decoding theory.

Answer: Stuart Hall's theory suggests that media messages are encoded by producers with intended meanings and decoded by audiences in different ways: dominant-hegemonic, negotiated, or oppositional.

Question 3: Explain what is meant by 'target audience' and give an example of a typical target audience for a children's TV show.

Answer: A target audience is a specific group of people a media product is aimed at. For example, a children's TV show might target children aged 5-10 years.

Question 4: Describe the 'Uses and Gratifications' theory and identify two reasons why people consume media according to this theory.

Answer: Uses and Gratifications theory suggests that audiences actively choose media to satisfy specific needs. Two reasons might be entertainment and information.

Question 5: Identify and explain the concept of 'passive audience' in media consumption.

Answer: A passive audience is one that receives media messages without actively questioning or interpreting them, often accepting content as it is presented.

Question 6: Sketch a simple diagram that illustrates the process of Stuart Hall’s encoding/decoding model. Label the key parts: encoder, message, decoder, and the three decoding positions.

Answer: A diagram with a box labeled 'Encoder' sending a 'Message' to a 'Decoder'. The decoder is shown interpreting the message in three ways: dominant-hegemonic, negotiated, and oppositional.

Question 7: Explain the difference between a 'hypodermic syringe' model of media and the 'Two-Step Flow' theory.

Answer: The hypodermic syringe model suggests media injects messages directly into passive audiences, while the Two-Step Flow theory suggests that media influence is mediated through opinion leaders who interpret and pass on messages to others.

Question 8: Describe a scenario where an audience might interpret a media message differently than intended by the producer.

Answer: For example, a political advert designed to promote a candidate might be interpreted by viewers as biased or untrustworthy due to their personal beliefs or experiences.

Question 9: Draw a diagram to show how different audience types might interpret a horror film. Include at least three types of audiences and their possible reactions.

Answer: A large blank space for students to sketch: one audience type 'Fans of horror' might find it exciting, another 'Casual viewers' might find it scary but enjoyable, and a third 'Critics' might analyze it for themes and quality.