Question 1: Describe two short-term effects that occur in the cardiovascular system immediately after engaging in vigorous exercise.

Answer: Increased heart rate and increased blood flow to muscles.

Question 2: Explain how regular aerobic exercise can lead to long-term adaptations in the respiratory system.

Answer: It increases lung capacity and improves efficiency of oxygen exchange in the lungs.

Question 3: Identify and explain one short-term effect of exercise on muscle tissue.

Answer: Muscle fatigue occurs due to the accumulation of lactic acid during intense activity.

Question 4: Describe two long-term effects of consistent strength training on muscle structure.

Answer: Increased muscle size (hypertrophy) and improved muscle endurance.

Question 5: Explain how regular physical activity can improve bone density over time.

Answer: Weight-bearing exercise stimulates bone growth and increases mineral density, reducing the risk of osteoporosis.

Question 6: Describe the physiological changes that occur in the circulatory system as a result of endurance training.

Answer: An increase in stroke volume, cardiac output, and the number of capillaries in muscle tissues.

Question 7: Sketch a diagram of a human heart, labeling its four chambers and major blood vessels involved in circulation. [Draw a large blank space]

Answer: A correct sketch would show the heart divided into four chambers: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle, with the superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, and aorta labeled accordingly.

Question 8: Discuss one potential negative long-term effect of overtraining on the skeletal system.

Answer: Overtraining may lead to stress fractures or joint damage due to repetitive strain.

Question 9: Explain how consistent exercise can influence the body's ability to recover after physical activity.

Answer: Regular exercise enhances recovery by improving blood flow, reducing muscle soreness, and increasing the efficiency of waste removal.

Question 10: Identify and describe one adaptation in the nervous system resulting from regular exercise.

Answer: Improved neuromuscular coordination, leading to better movement control and reaction times.