Question 1: Identify and name three major muscles involved in performing a bicep curl.

Answer: Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis

Question 2: Explain the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles, providing one example of each.

Answer: Voluntary muscles are under conscious control, such as the biceps. Involuntary muscles are not under conscious control, such as the heart muscle.

Question 3: Describe the role of the deltoid muscle during shoulder abduction.

Answer: The deltoid muscle contracts to lift the arm away from the body in a movement called shoulder abduction.

Question 4: List two muscles that are primarily used during running and describe their functions.

Answer: Quadriceps – extend the knee; Hamstrings – flex the knee and extend the hip.

Question 5: Draw a rough sketch of the human upper arm, indicating the location of the biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscles. Label each muscle clearly. (Use a large blank space for your drawing.)

Answer: A sketch showing the upper arm with two muscles: the biceps at the front, labeled 'Biceps brachii,' and the triceps at the back, labeled 'Triceps brachii.' The sketch should depict the muscles' relative positions and general shape.

Question 6: What is muscle hypertrophy, and how does strength training contribute to it?

Answer: Muscle hypertrophy is the increase in muscle size due to growth of the muscle fibers, often resulting from strength training and resistance exercises.

Question 7: Describe the process of muscle contraction, including the roles of the actin and myosin filaments.

Answer: Muscle contraction occurs when the myosin filaments slide over the actin filaments, shortening the muscle fibers. This process is triggered by nerve signals and involves the release of calcium ions, which enable the interaction between actin and myosin.

Question 8: Identify one antagonist muscle to the biceps brachii and explain its function during arm movement.

Answer: The triceps brachii is an antagonist to the biceps; it relaxes during flexion and contracts to extend the arm at the elbow.

Question 9: Explain why warm-up exercises are important for muscle performance and injury prevention.

Answer: Warm-up exercises increase blood flow to muscles, enhance flexibility, and prepare the muscles for activity, reducing the risk of strains and injuries.

Question 10: Sketch a simple diagram of a muscle fiber, labeling the key components such as the sarcolemma, myofibrils, and mitochondria. Provide a large blank space for your drawing.

Answer: A diagram showing a muscle fiber with label placements: the outer membrane as 'sarcolemma,' long internal structures as 'myofibrils,' and small organelles within as 'mitochondria.' The sketch should indicate the general structure of a muscle cell.