Question 1: Describe one short-term effect of vigorous exercise on your breathing rate.

Answer: Your breathing rate increases immediately to supply more oxygen to your muscles.

Question 2: Explain what happens to your muscles during a long-term regular exercise program.

Answer: Your muscles become stronger and more efficient, and muscle mass may increase over time.

Question 3: Identify one short-term effect of exercise on your heart rate.

Answer: Your heart rate increases to pump more blood and oxygen to your muscles.

Question 4: Explain the long-term effect that regular exercise has on your cardiovascular system.

Answer: Regular exercise can improve heart strength, lower resting heart rate, and improve blood circulation.

Question 5: Describe how exercise can affect your joints in the short term.

Answer: Joints may feel warm and flexible, and you might experience some temporary soreness or stiffness afterward.

Question 6: Explain one long-term benefit of exercise on your bones.

Answer: Exercise helps increase bone density, making bones stronger and reducing the risk of osteoporosis.

Question 7: Identify a potential negative long-term effect of overtraining or excessive exercise.

Answer: Overtraining can lead to injuries such as stress fractures, joint problems, or fatigue and burnout.

Question 8: Draw a simple diagram of the human cardiovascular system, including the heart, arteries, and veins. Label each part clearly.

Answer: A correct sketch would show the heart at the center, with arteries branching out to the body and veins returning to the heart, labeled appropriately.

Question 9: Sketch a diagram showing the pathway of oxygen from the lungs to the muscles during exercise.

Answer: A correct sketch would depict oxygen entering the lungs, passing through the bloodstream via the heart, and reaching the muscles.

Question 10: Describe two changes that occur in your respiratory system after long-term regular exercise.

Answer: Your lungs become more efficient with increased lung capacity, and your breathing becomes more controlled and less labored during activity.