Question 1: Describe the primary function of the heart in the cardio-respiratory system.

Answer: The primary function of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing waste products.

Question 2: Explain how the lungs assist in oxygen intake during physical activity.

Answer: The lungs facilitate oxygen intake by allowing air to enter through the nose or mouth, where oxygen diffuses into the blood in the alveoli, then transported by the heart to the muscles.

Question 3: What is the term used to describe the amount of air inhaled or exhaled in one normal breath?

Answer: Tidal volume.

Question 4: Describe what happens to your breathing rate during exercise compared to resting.

Answer: During exercise, your breathing rate increases to supply more oxygen to the muscles and remove carbon dioxide more quickly.

Question 5: Identify and describe the pathway of oxygen from the environment to the muscles during exercise.

Answer: Oxygen enters through the nose or mouth, travels down the trachea into the bronchi, then into the bronchioles within the lungs, reaching the alveoli where it diffuses into the blood. The oxygen-rich blood is then pumped by the heart through arteries to the muscles.

Question 6: Sketch a simple diagram of the heart showing its four chambers. Label each chamber clearly.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a heart with four chambers: two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers), with arrows indicating blood flow and labels for each chamber.

Question 7: Explain the term 'cardiac output' and how it changes during exercise.

Answer: Cardiac output is the amount of blood the heart pumps in one minute, calculated as heart rate times stroke volume. During exercise, cardiac output increases to supply more oxygen and nutrients to the muscles.

Question 8: Describe how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together during physical activity.

Answer: The respiratory system supplies oxygen to the blood through the lungs, and the circulatory system transports this oxygen-rich blood to the muscles. Carbon dioxide from the muscles is carried back to the lungs for exhalation.

Question 9: Identify the parts of the respiratory system involved in breathing and briefly describe their roles.

Answer: The main parts are the nose/mouth (air intake), trachea (windpipe), bronchi (air passages), lungs (gas exchange), and alveoli (tiny air sacs where oxygen diffuses into blood).

Question 10: Explain why regular aerobic exercise can improve the efficiency of the cardio-respiratory system.

Answer: Regular aerobic exercise strengthens the heart and lungs, increasing their capacity to deliver oxygen and remove waste more efficiently, leading to better endurance and overall health.