Question 1: Define aerobic exercise and explain how it differs from anaerobic exercise in terms of oxygen use.

Answer: Aerobic exercise is sustained physical activity that relies on oxygen to generate energy, such as running or cycling. It differs from anaerobic exercise, which is high-intensity activity performed in short bursts that does not require oxygen, like sprinting or weightlifting.

Question 2: List three examples of aerobic exercises and three examples of anaerobic exercises.

Answer: Aerobic exercises: jogging, swimming, cycling. Anaerobic exercises: sprinting, heavy weightlifting, jumping rope (high-intensity bursts).

Question 3: Describe what happens to the body's energy systems during prolonged aerobic exercise.

Answer: During prolonged aerobic exercise, the body primarily uses the aerobic energy system, which breaks down carbohydrates and fats with oxygen to produce sustained energy. This process is efficient and supports endurance activities.

Question 4: Explain why anaerobic exercise can lead to muscle fatigue more quickly than aerobic exercise.

Answer: Anaerobic exercise produces energy without oxygen and results in the accumulation of lactic acid in muscles, which causes fatigue and discomfort if sustained for long periods.

Question 5: Identify the primary energy source used during anaerobic exercise.

Answer: The primary energy source during anaerobic exercise is stored glycogen in muscles.

Question 6: Describe the physiological effects on the heart and lungs during aerobic exercise compared to anaerobic exercise.

Answer: During aerobic exercise, the heart rate and breathing rate increase gradually to supply oxygen efficiently to the muscles, improving cardiovascular endurance. In anaerobic exercise, the heart and lungs work harder but for shorter periods, focusing on quick energy production rather than endurance.

Question 7: Sketch a diagram illustrating the difference between the energy pathways used in aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Label the pathways accordingly.

Answer: A correct sketch would show two pathways: one labeled 'Aerobic' with arrows indicating oxygen use, involving carbohydrate and fat breakdown; the other labeled 'Anaerobic' with arrows indicating energy production without oxygen, involving glycogen breakdown and lactic acid formation.

Question 8: Discuss the impact of regular aerobic exercise on cardiovascular health.

Answer: Regular aerobic exercise strengthens the heart muscle, improves blood circulation, lowers blood pressure, and reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes.

Question 9: Draw a simple timeline illustrating the typical duration and energy system used in a 30-second sprint versus a 30-minute jog.

Answer: A correct timeline would show that in a 30-second sprint, the anaerobic energy system is dominant, with energy produced quickly but for a short period. In a 30-minute jog, the aerobic system predominates, providing sustained energy over a longer duration.

Question 10: Explain why athletes often incorporate both aerobic and anaerobic training into their routines.

Answer: Athletes include both types of training to improve endurance and cardiovascular health through aerobic exercise, while anaerobic training enhances strength, power, and speed, leading to overall athletic performance.