Question 1: Define aerobic exercise and explain how it differs from anaerobic exercise in terms of energy production.

Answer: Aerobic exercise is physical activity that relies on oxygen to produce energy, typically involving sustained, moderate-intensity activities. Anaerobic exercise does not require oxygen, involves short bursts of high-intensity activity, and produces energy through the breakdown of stored glycogen or glucose.

Question 2: Name two muscles primarily used during aerobic exercise and describe their roles.

Answer: The quadriceps and the gluteal muscles are primarily used during aerobic exercise. The quadriceps help in extending the knee during activities like running or cycling, while the gluteal muscles assist in hip movement and stabilization.

Question 3: Describe how the cardiovascular system responds differently during aerobic versus anaerobic exercise.

Answer: During aerobic exercise, the heart rate and stroke volume increase steadily to supply oxygen-rich blood to muscles. In anaerobic exercise, the heart rate spikes quickly but may not sustain the same efficiency, and oxygen delivery is limited, leading to the production of lactic acid.

Question 4: List three benefits of engaging in regular aerobic exercise for the cardiovascular system.

Answer: Improves heart efficiency, lowers blood pressure, and increases overall stamina and endurance.

Question 5: Explain why anaerobic exercise can lead to muscle fatigue and soreness.

Answer: Anaerobic exercise produces energy without oxygen, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid in muscles, which causes fatigue and soreness after intense activity.

Question 6: Sketch a simple diagram showing the pathway of oxygen from the lungs to the muscles during aerobic exercise. Label the lungs, blood vessels, and muscles.

Answer: A correct sketch would illustrate the lungs connected to blood vessels (capillaries), which carry oxygen to the muscles. The sketch should show oxygen entering the lungs, traveling through the bloodstream, and reaching muscle tissue.

Question 7: List two differences in energy systems used during aerobic and anaerobic exercises.

Answer: Aerobic exercise primarily uses the oxidative system, which relies on oxygen and fats or carbohydrates for sustained energy. Anaerobic exercise mainly uses the ATP-PC system and glycolytic system, which do not require oxygen and provide quick bursts of energy.

Question 8: Describe what happens to your breathing rate immediately after completing a long session of anaerobic exercise.

Answer: Breathing rate remains elevated after anaerobic exercise due to the need to repay oxygen debt, remove accumulated lactic acid, and restore energy stores.

Question 9: Explain how the body’s energy systems adapt over time with regular aerobic training.

Answer: Regular aerobic training increases the efficiency of the oxidative system, enhances lung capacity, improves blood circulation, and enables the muscles to use oxygen more effectively, leading to increased endurance.

Question 10: Sketch a flowchart illustrating the process of energy production during anaerobic exercise, including the immediate sources of energy and by-products.

Answer: A correct sketch would show ATP being rapidly used, with the breakdown of stored glycogen via glycolysis producing ATP and lactic acid as a by-product, which causes muscle fatigue.