Question 1: Define obesity and explain how it is typically measured in adults.

Answer: Obesity is a condition characterized by excessive body fat that may impair health. It is commonly measured using the Body Mass Index (BMI), calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared. A BMI over 30 is classified as obese.

Question 2: List three health risks associated with obesity.

Answer: Increased risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and joint problems such as osteoarthritis.

Question 3: Describe two behavioural factors that can contribute to the development of obesity.

Answer: Consuming high-calorie, unhealthy foods and having a sedentary lifestyle with little physical activity.

Question 4: Explain how regular physical activity can help prevent obesity.

Answer: Regular physical activity burns calories, helps maintain a healthy weight, improves metabolism, and supports overall energy expenditure, reducing the likelihood of excess fat accumulation.

Question 5: Identify and explain two environmental factors that may contribute to obesity.

Answer: Easy access to fast food options and limited opportunities for physical activity in urban settings can contribute to higher obesity rates by promoting unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyles.

Question 6: Discuss the psychological and social impacts that obesity can have on an individual.

Answer: Obesity can lead to low self-esteem, social isolation, and depression due to stigma and discrimination, which can further affect mental health and motivation for healthy behaviours.

Question 7: Suggest two strategies that schools can implement to promote healthy weight among students.

Answer: Providing nutritious school meals and incorporating regular physical activity and health education into the curriculum.

Question 8: Draw a simple flowchart illustrating the cycle that can lead from poor diet and inactivity to obesity. Include at least three stages.

Answer: A correct sketch would show: 1. Poor diet and inactivity lead to excess calorie intake and low energy expenditure; 2. Weight gain occurs; 3. Increased body fat can lead to health problems, which may further reduce activity levels, perpetuating the cycle.

Question 9: Describe the concept of energy balance and its importance in maintaining a healthy weight.

Answer: Energy balance refers to the equilibrium between calories consumed through food and drink and calories burned through physical activity and metabolic processes. Maintaining this balance is essential for sustaining a healthy weight.

Question 10: Explain the role of genetics in obesity. Is it a sole factor or does environment also play a part?

Answer: Genetics can influence body weight and fat distribution, but environmental factors such as diet, activity levels, and lifestyle choices also play a significant role in the development of obesity. It is a combination of both genetic and environmental influences.