Question 1: Define the sagittal plane and explain the typical movements that occur within this plane.

Answer: The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right halves. Movements within this plane include flexion and extension, such as bending and straightening the elbow or knee.

Question 2: Describe the transverse plane and give an example of a movement that occurs in this plane.

Answer: The transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower parts. An example of a movement in this plane is a rotational movement, such as the torso twisting during a golf swing.

Question 3: Explain the coronal (frontal) plane and identify a common activity that involves movement in this plane.

Answer: The coronal plane divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections. An example movement is jumping side to side or performing a jumping jack.

Question 4: Identify the axis that runs perpendicular to the sagittal plane and describe the type of movement it facilitates.

Answer: The anterior-posterior axis runs perpendicular to the sagittal plane. It facilitates lateral movements, such as side lunges or tilting the body sideways.

Question 5: Which axis is associated with rotational movements around the vertical axis, and in which plane do these movements typically occur?

Answer: The vertical (longitudinal) axis is associated with rotational movements, which typically occur in the transverse plane.

Question 6: Describe the movement of flexion and extension in relation to the sagittal plane, providing an example for each.

Answer: Flexion decreases the angle between two body parts, such as bending the elbow. Extension increases the angle, such as straightening the arm after a bicep curl.

Question 7: Sketch a human figure in a neutral standing position and indicate the three main planes with labels. (Draw in the large blank space provided.)

Answer: A correct sketch would show a human figure with three intersecting planes: a vertical plane dividing left and right (sagittal), a vertical plane dividing front and back (coronal), and a horizontal plane dividing upper and lower parts (transverse).

Question 8: Explain how understanding planes and axes can help in analysing and improving athletic performance.

Answer: Knowing about planes and axes helps athletes understand how their bodies move during different activities. It allows them to optimise technique, prevent injuries, and develop specific training programs targeting particular movements.

Question 9: Identify a sport or activity where rotation around the vertical axis is important. Describe the movement involved.

Answer: Golf is a sport that involves rotation around the vertical axis. During a swing, the torso rotates to generate power and accuracy.

Question 10: Discuss the importance of understanding the difference between movement in the sagittal plane and movement in the transverse plane for a sprinter.

Answer: A sprinter uses sagittal plane movements, like leg and arm swings, to propel forward, while rotational movements in the transverse plane, such as torso twisting during arm drive, help generate additional power and maintain balance.