Question 1: Describe two short-term effects that occur in the body immediately after engaging in vigorous exercise.

Answer: Short-term effects include increased heart rate and rapid breathing to supply muscles with oxygen, and sweating to cool the body down.

Question 2: Explain how regular aerobic exercise can lead to long-term improvements in cardiovascular health.

Answer: Regular aerobic exercise strengthens the heart muscle, improves blood circulation, lowers blood pressure, and reduces cholesterol levels, leading to better cardiovascular health over time.

Question 3: Identify two short-term effects of exercise on muscle performance.

Answer: Muscles may experience fatigue and an increase in blood flow to supply oxygen and nutrients.

Question 4: Describe a long-term change in muscular strength that can result from consistent strength training.

Answer: Muscles become larger and stronger due to hypertrophy, increasing overall muscular strength.

Question 5: Explain how regular physical activity can improve mental health in both the short and long term.

Answer: Short-term benefits include improved mood and reduced stress after exercise; long-term effects include decreased risk of depression and anxiety due to the release of endorphins and improved self-esteem.

Question 6: What are two potential negative long-term effects of overtraining or not allowing the body to recover properly?

Answer: Potential negative effects include increased risk of injury such as stress fractures or strains, and chronic fatigue or burnout.

Question 7: Describe the changes that occur in the respiratory system as a result of regular exercise.

Answer: The respiratory system becomes more efficient, with increased lung capacity and improved oxygen exchange, making breathing easier during physical activity.

Question 8: Draw a simple diagram of the human heart and label the four main chambers: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a basic heart shape with four chambers clearly labeled: right atrium and right ventricle on the right side, left atrium and left ventricle on the left side.

Question 9: Sketch a diagram of the pathway of blood flow through the heart, including the lungs, using arrows to show the direction of blood flow.

Answer: A correct diagram would show blood entering the right atrium from the body, moving to the right ventricle, then to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries; oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the left atrium, then to the left ventricle, and out to the body.

Question 10: Identify and explain two long-term effects of regular physical activity on bone health.

Answer: Regular weight-bearing activity increases bone density and strength, reducing the risk of osteoporosis in later life.

Question 11: Describe how consistent exercise can influence body composition over time.

Answer: Regular exercise helps reduce body fat and increase muscle mass, leading to a healthier body composition.