Question 1: Describe the main function of the heart in the cardio-respiratory system.

Answer: The main function of the heart is to pump blood around the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing waste products.

Question 2: Explain how the lungs assist in the process of respiration during exercise.

Answer: The lungs take in oxygen from the air we breathe and transfer it to the blood, while removing carbon dioxide from the blood and exhaling it out.

Question 3: Identify the pathway blood takes from the heart to the lungs and back.

Answer: Blood leaves the heart through the pulmonary arteries, travels to the lungs for oxygenation, and then returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins.

Question 4: What is the role of the diaphragm during inhalation?

Answer: The diaphragm contracts and moves downward, enlarging the chest cavity and allowing air to enter the lungs.

Question 5: Describe how the heart rate changes during vigorous exercise and why.

Answer: The heart rate increases during vigorous exercise to pump more blood, delivering oxygen and nutrients more quickly to muscles and removing waste products efficiently.

Question 6: Draw a simple diagram of the pathway of oxygenated blood from the lungs to the muscles. Label the key parts.

Answer: A correct sketch would show oxygen-rich blood leaving the lungs via the pulmonary veins, entering the left atrium, passing into the left ventricle, and then being pumped through arteries to the muscles.

Question 7: Explain the term 'respiratory rate' and how it typically changes during exercise.

Answer: Respiratory rate is the number of breaths taken per minute. It increases during exercise to meet the body's higher oxygen demand.

Question 8: Identify two ways the cardio-respiratory system adapts to regular aerobic training.

Answer: Regular aerobic training can lead to a lower resting heart rate and an increased stroke volume, meaning the heart pumps more blood with each beat.

Question 9: Describe the relationship between oxygen intake and energy production during exercise.

Answer: Oxygen intake allows for aerobic respiration in muscles, producing more energy efficiently compared to anaerobic respiration, which occurs when oxygen is limited.

Question 10: Sketch a diagram of the pathway of deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. Label the main vessels involved.

Answer: A correct sketch would depict deoxygenated blood returning from the body via the superior and inferior vena cavae into the right atrium, then moving into the right ventricle.