Question 1: Describe the significance of the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism. Why are they considered fundamental to Buddhist teachings?

Answer: The Four Noble Truths are fundamental because they outline the nature of suffering and the path to its cessation. They explain that life involves suffering (dukkha), suffering is caused by craving and attachment, there is a way to end suffering, and this way is the Eightfold Path.

Question 2: Explain the meaning of the term 'Karma' in Buddhism and how it influences a Buddhist’s life.

Answer: Karma refers to the law of moral causation, where good actions lead to positive outcomes and bad actions lead to negative outcomes. It influences Buddhists to act ethically to improve their future rebirths and spiritual progress.

Question 3: What is the significance of meditation in Buddhist practice? Provide two reasons why Buddhists meditate.

Answer: Meditation helps Buddhists develop mindfulness and concentration, essential for gaining insight into the nature of reality. It also aids in calming the mind and cultivating inner peace and compassion.

Question 4: Sketch a simple diagram illustrating the cycle of Samsara as described in Buddhism. Label the key stages involved.

Answer: A circular diagram showing the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, with arrows indicating continuous movement. Key labels include: Birth, Aging, Death, Rebirth, and the cycle repeating. The diagram may also include the concepts of karma influencing rebirth.

Question 5: Describe the purpose of Vesak in Buddhist tradition. Mention at least two activities or rituals associated with this festival.

Answer: Vesak celebrates the birth, enlightenment, and death of the Buddha. Activities include offering prayers and offerings at temples, lighting lanterns, and engaging in acts of charity and meditation.

Question 6: Explain the role of the Sangha in Buddhism and why it is important for lay Buddhists.

Answer: The Sangha is the community of Buddhist monks and nuns who preserve and teach the Buddha’s teachings. It provides spiritual guidance, support, and acts as a model for lay Buddhists in practicing the Dharma.

Question 7: Draw a simple representation of the Eightfold Path. Label each of the eight components.

Answer: A linear or circular diagram with eight segments or points labeled: Right View, Right Intention, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration. The sketch should clearly show all eight parts as interconnected components.

Question 8: What is the significance of the Bodhi Tree in Buddhism? Describe its importance in one paragraph.

Answer: The Bodhi Tree is where Siddhartha Gautama attained enlightenment and became the Buddha. It symbolizes awakening, wisdom, and the potential for spiritual awakening for all Buddhists.

Question 9: Identify and explain two key ethical teachings of Buddhism.

Answer: One key teaching is the Five Precepts, which include refraining from killing, stealing, lying, sexual misconduct, and intoxication. These precepts guide Buddhists to live ethically and cultivate compassion. Another teaching is the importance of compassion (Karuna), encouraging Buddhists to act kindly and help others.

Question 10: Discuss how the concept of Nirvana differs from the idea of heaven in other religions.

Answer: Nirvana in Buddhism is the state of liberation from suffering and the cycle of rebirth, achieved through enlightenment and cessation of craving. Unlike heaven, which is often viewed as a divine realm where souls go after death, Nirvana is a state of ultimate peace and freedom from all desires, often described as beyond all worldly existence.