Question 1: Describe the significance of the Shahada in Islam and explain how it influences a Muslim's identity.

Answer: The Shahada is the Islamic declaration of faith, stating that 'There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is His Messenger.' It is the most fundamental belief, signifying the acceptance of monotheism and the prophethood of Muhammad. It influences a Muslim's identity by affirming their faith and commitment to Islamic principles, often recited during daily prayers and at the moment of conversion.

Question 2: List and briefly explain three of the Five Pillars of Islam.

Answer: 1. Salat: The ritual prayer performed five times daily to worship Allah. 2. Zakat: Giving alms or charity to the poor, which purifies wealth. 3. Sawm: Fasting during the month of Ramadan to develop self-discipline and spiritual reflection.

Question 3: Explain the importance of the Qur'an in the life of a Muslim.

Answer: The Qur'an is regarded as the literal word of Allah revealed to Prophet Muhammad. It guides all aspects of a Muslim's life, including moral conduct, worship, and social justice. Muslims believe it is the ultimate source of authority and seek to follow its teachings closely.

Question 4: Discuss the significance of the Hajj pilgrimage for Muslims and identify where it takes place.

Answer: Hajj is an annual pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia and is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. It symbolizes unity among Muslims, spiritual renewal, and obedience to Allah. Performing Hajj is a duty for those who are physically and financially able, and it commemorates the actions of Prophet Ibrahim and his family.

Question 5: Describe the main events that take place during the Hajj pilgrimage.

Answer: During Hajj, pilgrims perform several rituals including entering a state of Ihram, Tawaf (circling the Kaaba seven times), Sa’i (walking between the hills of Safa and Marwah), standing at Arafat in prayer, and stoning the devil in Mina. They also sacrifice an animal to commemorate Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son.

Question 6: Draw a simple sketch of the Kaaba, indicating its basic shape and key features. (Describe what a correct sketch would include.)

Answer: A correct sketch would show a cuboid-shaped building with a sloped roof, covered by a cloth called the Kiswah. The drawing should include the black cloth with gold embroidery, and the structure should be positioned at the center of the diagram. The sketch should be proportionate and clear.

Question 7: Explain the concept of Tawhid in Islam and why it is considered the most important belief.

Answer: Tawhid is the belief in the oneness of Allah, asserting that Allah is the sole creator, sustainer, and ruler of the universe. It is the foundation of Islamic faith because it affirms monotheism and rejects any form of polytheism or idolatry. This belief shapes how Muslims worship and view the world.

Question 8: Identify and describe two key differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims.

Answer: 1. Leadership: Sunni Muslims believe that the leader (Caliph) should be chosen by consensus, while Shia Muslims believe leadership should stay within the family of Prophet Muhammad, specifically through Imams descended from him. 2. Practices and beliefs: There are differences in certain rituals, such as the way prayers are performed, and in some theological beliefs, with Shia Muslims placing greater emphasis on the role of Imams.

Question 9: Reflect on what the concept of Jihad means in Islam and how it can be understood in both spiritual and physical terms.

Answer: Jihad means 'struggle' or 'striving' in Arabic. Spiritually, it refers to the inner effort to live a righteous life and follow Allah’s teachings. Physically, it can mean defending the Muslim community or fighting injustice, but it must be done within ethical guidelines. Overall, Jihad emphasizes personal growth and social justice.