Question 1: Explain the significance of the event known as the 'Restoration' in 1660. Why was it important for the monarchy and the country?

Answer: The Restoration in 1660 marked the return of Charles II to the throne after a period of republican rule under Oliver Cromwell. It was significant because it restored the monarchy, re-established the Church of England, and signaled stability and continuity after years of civil war and upheaval.

Question 2: Describe the changes introduced to the English government and monarchy during the reign of Charles II.

Answer: Charles II's reign saw the re-establishment of the monarchy with a more cautious approach to royal power, the signing of the Habeas Corpus Act to protect individual rights, and the easing of Puritan influence. Parliament gained more influence, and religious tolerance increased.

Question 3: Identify two major social or cultural developments that took place during the Restoration period.

Answer: The emergence of new entertainment such as the Restoration comedy of manners, and the reopening of theaters which had been closed during Cromwell's rule. Additionally, fashion became more elaborate, reflecting a more lively court culture.

Question 4: Discuss the impact of the Plague of 1665 and the Great Fire of London in 1666 on the city and its inhabitants.

Answer: The Plague of 1665 killed thousands of Londoners and caused widespread fear, leading to quarantine measures. The Great Fire of London destroyed much of the medieval city, including homes and businesses, but also led to rebuilding efforts and improvements in city planning.

Question 5: Describe the role of the Declaration of Indulgence issued by James II in 1688 and its significance.

Answer: The Declaration of Indulgence aimed to grant religious tolerance to Catholics and dissenters. It was significant because it challenged the power of Parliament and the Church of England, contributing to fears of Catholic dominance and leading to the Glorious Revolution.

Question 6: Sketch a simple timeline on the blank space provided that shows the key events of the Restoration period from 1660 to 1688.

Answer: A timeline starting at 1660 with the Restoration of Charles II, including key events such as the Great Fire of London (1666), the founding of the Bank of England (1694), and ending with the Glorious Revolution (1688).

Question 7: Explain the reasons why the Glorious Revolution of 1688 was considered 'bloodless' and what it achieved.

Answer: The Glorious Revolution was called 'bloodless' because it involved little violence or warfare. It resulted in William and Mary replacing James II as monarchs, ensuring parliamentary sovereignty, and establishing constitutional limits on royal power.

Question 8: Identify and describe the significance of two key figures involved in the events of the Restoration period.

Answer: Charles II, who restored the monarchy and led England through a period of stability and cultural revival; and James II, whose attempts to promote Catholicism led to fears of absolutism and contributed to the Glorious Revolution.

Question 9: Discuss how the changes during the Restoration influenced the development of democracy in England.

Answer: The Restoration period saw the strengthening of parliamentary power, the passing of laws protecting individual rights, and the establishment of constitutional monarchy principles. These developments laid the groundwork for modern parliamentary democracy.

Question 10: Describe how the social hierarchy and daily life in England changed during the late 17th century.

Answer: Social hierarchy remained rigid, but there was increased emphasis on wealth and status among the upper classes. Daily life saw improvements in urban living conditions, the growth of coffeehouses, and new forms of entertainment, reflecting a more vibrant social culture.