Question 1: Explain two main causes of the English Civil War.

Answer: Possible causes include disagreements over the power of the monarchy versus Parliament, religious conflicts between Puritans and Anglicans, and issues over taxation and royal authority.

Question 2: Describe the role of King Charles I in the events leading up to the Civil War.

Answer: King Charles I believed in the divine right of kings, often ignored Parliament, and tried to raise taxes without Parliament's approval, which increased tensions.

Question 3: Identify two key groups involved in the Civil War and briefly describe their positions.

Answer: Royalists (Cavaliers) supported King Charles I and his authority, while Parliamentarians (Roundheads) wanted greater parliamentary power and limits on royal authority.

Question 4: Describe what happened during the Battle of Naseby and why it was significant.

Answer: The Parliamentarians defeated the Royalists at Naseby, which was a turning point in the war because it marked the decline of Royalist chances of victory.

Question 5: Explain the significance of the execution of King Charles I in 1649.

Answer: His execution marked the first time a reigning monarch was tried and executed by his own people, leading to the temporary abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the Commonwealth.

Question 6: Describe the main features of the New Model Army and how it differed from previous armies.

Answer: The New Model Army was a professional, well-trained force loyal to Parliament, with disciplined soldiers and better organization, unlike earlier armies which were less organized and more mercenary.

Question 7: Draw a simple sketch of a battlefield formation showing a line of soldiers fighting in close order. Label the front line, and indicate where the cavalry might be positioned.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a straight line of soldiers in close formation, with a small section labeled 'cavalry' positioned behind or to the sides for maneuvering.

Question 8: Sketch a basic diagram illustrating the structure of the English government after the Civil War, including the roles of Parliament, the King, and the Court.

Answer: A correct diagram would show Parliament as a legislative body, the King as the executive authority (though limited), and the Court as part of the judicial system, with arrows indicating their interactions.

Question 9: What long-term impact did the English Civil War have on the monarchy and government in England?

Answer: It led to the temporary abolition of the monarchy, increased power for Parliament, and set a precedent for constitutional limits on royal authority.

Question 10: Identify one person from the Civil War era and describe their role or importance.

Answer: Oliver Cromwell was a leading Parliamentarian commander who later became Lord Protector, playing a key role in defeating the Royalists and shaping post-war government.