Question 1: Who was the first Stuart king of England, and in what year did he begin his reign?

Answer: James I was the first Stuart king of England, beginning his reign in 1603.

Question 2: Describe one reason why King Charles I believed he had divine right to rule.

Answer: King Charles I believed he had divine right because he thought that God had chosen him to rule and that he did not need to answer to Parliament.

Question 3: Explain what the English Civil War was and when it took place.

Answer: The English Civil War was a conflict between King Charles I and Parliament over how England should be governed. It took place from 1642 to 1651.

Question 4: List two outcomes of the English Civil War.

Answer: Two outcomes were the execution of King Charles I and the establishment of a republic called the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell.

Question 5: Describe what the term 'Divine Right' means in the context of Stuart kingship.

Answer: Divine Right means that the king believed his authority to rule came directly from God and that he was not accountable to any earthly authority.

Question 6: Sketch a simple diagram of a typical scene during the English Civil War. Include at least two different types of soldiers and a weapon they might carry.

Answer: A correct sketch would show two groups of soldiers, one with pikes and the other with muskets, standing in a battlefield setting.

Question 7: Explain how the Glorious Revolution changed the way England was governed.

Answer: The Glorious Revolution led to the overthrow of King James II and established that Parliament had the power to remove and replace the monarch, leading to a constitutional monarchy.

Question 8: What was the significance of the Bill of Rights (1689)?

Answer: The Bill of Rights limited the powers of the king and queen, confirmed the rights of Parliament, and ensured certain freedoms for people, helping to establish parliamentary sovereignty.

Question 9: Identify one way in which the Stuarts' rule caused conflict with Parliament.

Answer: The Stuarts often believed in divine right and tried to govern without Parliament, leading to conflicts over taxation and authority.

Question 10: Describe the role of Oliver Cromwell during the period of the English Commonwealth.

Answer: Oliver Cromwell was a military and political leader who led the Parliament's forces during the Civil War, became Lord Protector after the execution of Charles I, and ruled England as a republic.

Question 11: Explain what is meant by the term 'Restoration' in 1660.

Answer: The Restoration refers to the period when the monarchy was restored in England, and King Charles II was invited to return to the throne after the Commonwealth period.