Question 1: Describe two common beliefs about the causes of illness in Medieval times.

Answer: Many believed illnesses were caused by miasma, or 'bad air,' and some thought that divine punishment or curses from God caused diseases.

Question 2: Explain how the Church influenced medical practices during the Medieval period.

Answer: The Church controlled medical knowledge, promoted prayer and religious cures, and limited the study of anatomy, which restricted scientific progress.

Question 3: List three methods used by Medieval doctors to diagnose illness.

Answer: Observing the patient's appearance and symptoms, checking the pulse, and examining the urine.

Question 4: Describe the purpose of a 'humour' in Medieval medicine and name the four humours.

Answer: Humours were believed to be bodily fluids that needed to be balanced for good health. The four humours are blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile.

Question 5: Identify two treatments that were commonly used in Medieval medicine and explain how they were believed to work.

Answer: Herbal remedies, which were thought to restore balance of humours, and bloodletting, believed to remove excess blood and cure illness.

Question 6: Draw a diagram of a Medieval healer’s workspace. Include at least three items they might have used.

Answer: A correct sketch would include a small table with herbs, a bowl or pot for mixing remedies, and a set of leeches or other tools for bloodletting.

Question 7: Explain why hospitals in Medieval times were different from modern hospitals.

Answer: Medieval hospitals were mainly places for prayer and care rather than treatment, often run by religious orders, and lacked modern medical equipment.

Question 8: Describe the role of astrology in Medieval medicine.

Answer: Doctors used astrology to diagnose illness by studying the positions of planets and stars, believing that celestial movements affected health.

Question 9: Explain what a 'leech' was used for in Medieval medicine and why it was popular.

Answer: Leeches were used for bloodletting to remove 'bad blood' believed to cause illness; they were popular because it was a common cure for many ailments.

Question 10: Assess the effectiveness of Medieval treatments based on what you have learned.

Answer: Many treatments were based on incorrect beliefs and could be harmful; however, some herbal remedies and practices like hygiene were beneficial, but overall, medical knowledge was limited.