Question 1: Describe what a vaccination is and explain how it helps protect people from diseases.

Answer: A vaccination is a treatment that uses a small, harmless piece of a virus or bacteria to help the immune system learn how to fight the disease in the future. It helps protect people by preventing them from getting sick.

Question 2: Name two important inventions or discoveries in medicine from the 19th or 20th century and briefly explain their significance.

Answer: One important invention is the X-ray machine, which allows doctors to see inside the body without surgery. Another is penicillin, the first antibiotic, which has saved many lives by treating bacterial infections.

Question 3: Explain the role of hospitals in modern medicine and how they have changed over time.

Answer: Hospitals are places where sick people can receive treatment from doctors and nurses. Over time, hospitals have become larger, more modern, and better equipped to treat a wide range of illnesses.

Question 4: Describe how antibiotics have changed the treatment of bacterial infections.

Answer: Antibiotics are medicines that kill bacteria or stop them from growing. They have made it possible to treat infections that used to be deadly, saving many lives.

Question 5: Imagine you are a doctor in the 1800s. Write a short paragraph explaining how you would treat a patient with a serious infection.

Answer: In the 1800s, treatment might include applying herbal remedies, bleeding the patient, or using warm compresses. There were few effective medicines, so many infections were difficult to cure.

Question 6: Draw a simple diagram of how a modern syringe works. Label the main parts, such as the needle, barrel, and plunger.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a cylindrical barrel with a needle attached at the tip, and a plunger inside the barrel that can be pulled back or pushed forward to draw in or inject fluid.

Question 7: Sketch a plan for a modern hospital ward, including at least three different areas (e.g., patient beds, treatment area, waiting area).

Answer: A correct sketch would show a large room divided into sections, with beds arranged for patients, a separate area for treatment or emergencies, and a waiting area for visitors, all clearly labeled.

Question 8: What is the significance of Louis Pasteur’s work in medicine? Briefly explain.

Answer: Louis Pasteur discovered that microorganisms cause disease and developed vaccines for diseases like rabies and anthrax. His work helped prevent many illnesses and improved hygiene.

Question 9: Explain the importance of public health campaigns in controlling disease in the 20th century.

Answer: Public health campaigns raised awareness about hygiene, vaccination, and disease prevention. They helped reduce the spread of illnesses like smallpox and cholera across populations.

Question 10: Describe what a modern medicine laboratory might include and how it helps scientists develop new medicines.

Answer: A modern laboratory includes equipment like microscopes, test tubes, computers, and safety gear. Scientists use it to conduct experiments, analyze bacteria or viruses, and develop new medicines.