Question 1: Explain two reasons why the British Empire expanded during the 19th century.

Answer: Possible reasons include economic motives such as access to raw materials and new markets, and strategic motives like controlling key trade routes and colonies for military advantage.

Question 2: Describe the significance of the Victorian era in the context of the British Empire.

Answer: The Victorian era was significant because it marked the height of the British Empire's territorial expansion, economic growth, and influence worldwide, often referred to as the 'Imperial Century'.

Question 3: Identify and explain one positive and one negative effect of British imperialism on colonised countries.

Answer: Positive: Development of infrastructure such as roads and schools. Negative: Exploitation of local resources and populations, leading to social and economic problems.

Question 4: What role did the British East India Company play in establishing British control in India?

Answer: The British East India Company initially traded in India, but over time it gained political and military control, leading to direct British rule after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

Question 5: Describe how the phrase 'the sun never sets on the British Empire' reflects its global extent.

Answer: It means that the British Empire was so vast that at any given time, the sun was shining on at least one part of its territories around the world.

Question 6: Draw a simple map sketch showing the main regions controlled by the British Empire at its height. Label at least three regions or colonies.

Answer: A correct sketch would show regions such as North America, India, Africa, and Australia, with clear labels for each area.

Question 7: Explain how the British Empire impacted global trade during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Answer: The empire facilitated the movement of goods, resources, and people across continents, creating a global trade network that increased economic integration and wealth for Britain.

Question 8: Identify two challenges faced by the British Empire in maintaining control over its colonies.

Answer: Challenges included resistance and rebellions from local populations, and logistical difficulties in managing vast territories across different continents.

Question 9: Describe the significance of the Suez Canal for the British Empire.

Answer: The Suez Canal was crucial because it provided a shortcut to India and other colonies in Asia, enhancing British naval and commercial power.

Question 10: Discuss how the concept of 'civilising mission' was used to justify British imperialism.

Answer: The 'civilising mission' was the idea that Britain had a duty to spread its culture, religion, and values to 'less developed' societies, which was used to justify colonisation and control.