Question 1: Explain two political reasons why tensions between King Charles I and Parliament increased in the years leading up to the English Civil War.

Answer: Possible answers include: 1) King Charles I's belief in the divine right of kings led him to ignore Parliament’s requests, 2) Disagreements over taxation and financial control, 3) Charles's attempts to arrest five Members of Parliament in 1642, which provoked anger and mistrust.

Question 2: Describe what happened during the Battle of Edgehill and explain its significance in the Civil War.

Answer: The Battle of Edgehill was the first major engagement between Royalist and Parliamentarian forces in 1642. It was inconclusive but demonstrated the scale of the conflict and set the stage for further battles.

Question 3: Identify two groups or individuals who supported the Parliamentarians and explain their roles.

Answer: Examples include: 1) The New Model Army, which was a highly disciplined Parliamentary force, 2) Oliver Cromwell, a key leader who later became Lord Protector and led military campaigns.

Question 4: Describe the main difference between the Royalists and Parliamentarians during the Civil War.

Answer: Royalists supported King Charles I and believed in the divine right of kings, while Parliamentarians supported the authority of Parliament and sought to limit royal power.

Question 5: Explain the significance of the execution of King Charles I in 1649.

Answer: The execution marked the first time a reigning monarch was tried and executed by his own people, ending the idea of divine right and leading to the temporary abolition of the monarchy.

Question 6: Draw a simple timeline of three key events during the English Civil War, including the start of the war, the execution of Charles I, and the establishment of the Commonwealth.

Answer: A correct timeline would show: 1) 1642 - Start of the Civil War, 2) 1649 - Execution of King Charles I, 3) 1649 - Establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell.

Question 7: Sketch a scene depicting a soldier from the New Model Army in battle. Label the key features in your drawing, such as armor, weaponry, and stance.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a soldier in uniform, holding a musket, wearing a simple helmet or hat, standing in an alert stance, with basic armor or clothing typical of the period.

Question 8: What were the consequences of the Civil War for the future of the monarchy in England?

Answer: The monarchy was temporarily abolished, leading to the establishment of the Commonwealth. It also set a precedent for parliamentary sovereignty and limited royal power, eventually leading to the Restoration in 1660.

Question 9: Describe the role of Oliver Cromwell in the outcome of the Civil War and the subsequent political changes.

Answer: Oliver Cromwell was a military leader who organized and led the Parliamentarian forces to victory. After the war, he became Lord Protector, ruling as a de facto dictator and shaping the political landscape of England.

Question 10: Identify one long-term impact of the English Civil War on British political history.

Answer: One long-term impact was the development of constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, with increased power for Parliament and limits on royal authority.