Question 1: Explain two reasons why tensions grew between King Charles I and Parliament in the years leading up to the Civil War.

Answer: Possible reasons include disagreements over taxation without Parliament's approval and the king's attempts to rule without Parliament, which caused mistrust and conflict.

Question 2: Describe the significance of the Battle of Edgehill and what it revealed about the state of the war.

Answer: The Battle of Edgehill was the first major battle of the Civil War. It showed that both sides were relatively evenly matched and that the war would be long and uncertain.

Question 3: Identify and explain one outcome of the execution of King Charles I.

Answer: One outcome was the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell, as Charles I's execution abolished the idea of divine right monarchy.

Question 4: Discuss how the New Model Army changed the course of the Civil War.

Answer: The New Model Army was a disciplined and well-organized force that won key battles, helping Parliament to defeat the Royalists and ultimately leading to the defeat and trial of King Charles I.

Question 5: Describe what a typical scene might look like during a Civil War battle, including at least three elements you would expect to find.

Answer: A typical scene would include soldiers in uniforms fighting with muskets, soldiers using pikes or swords, and war banners or flags. There might also be soldiers retreating or regrouping.

Question 6: Draw a simple map sketch showing the approximate locations of key battles during the Civil War, such as Edgehill, Marston Moor, and Naseby. Label each battle site.

Answer: A correct sketch would depict a rough map with the locations of these battles positioned to reflect their historical locations in England, labeled clearly.

Question 7: Explain how the English Civil War impacted the role of the monarchy in Britain.

Answer: The war led to the temporary abolition of the monarchy, increased parliamentary power, and set a precedent for constitutional changes that limited royal authority.

Question 8: What was the main purpose of the Levellers during the Civil War? How did their ideas differ from those of the Royalists and Parliamentarians?

Answer: The Levellers aimed to promote equality and democracy, advocating for reforms like universal suffrage and religious tolerance. Unlike the Royalists who supported the king and the Parliamentarians who supported parliamentary authority, the Levellers pushed for broader social reforms.

Question 9: Write a brief paragraph explaining what the term 'Commonwealth' means in the context of the English Civil War.

Answer: The Commonwealth was a period when England was governed without a king, under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell, following the abolition of the monarchy in 1649.