Question 1: Describe two political reasons why tensions increased between King Charles I and Parliament in the years leading up to the Civil War.

Answer: Possible answers include: Charles I's attempts to rule without Parliament, such as imposing taxes without consent; disputes over the power to make laws; and his insistence on personal rule, which angered many Parliament members.

Question 2: Explain the significance of the Battle of Naseby in 1645 during the English Civil War.

Answer: The Battle of Naseby was a decisive Parliamentary victory that marked the turning point in the war, effectively ending Royalist hopes of victory and leading to the eventual defeat of King Charles I.

Question 3: Identify and describe one key figure from each side of the conflict, mentioning their role.

Answer: Royalist: King Charles I, who sought to maintain his authority and fight against Parliament; Parliamentarian: Oliver Cromwell, who led the New Model Army and fought for parliamentary power.

Question 4: List three causes of the English Civil War and briefly explain each.

Answer: Causes include: (1) Religious conflicts, such as disagreements over Anglican practices and Puritan demands for reform; (2) Political struggles over the extent of royal authority versus parliamentary power; (3) Financial issues, including Charles I’s methods of raising revenue without Parliament’s approval.

Question 5: Sketch a simple diagram of the English Civil War showing the two main sides and their leaders. Label the sides 'Royalists' and 'Parliamentarians' and include key figures such as King Charles I and Oliver Cromwell.

Answer: A clear diagram with two circles or boxes, one labeled 'Royalists' with 'King Charles I' inside, and the other labeled 'Parliamentarians' with 'Oliver Cromwell' inside. Arrows can indicate the conflict between the two sides.

Question 6: Discuss the impact of the English Civil War on the monarchy and government in England.

Answer: The war led to the temporary abolition of the monarchy, the establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell, and eventually the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, but with reduced royal powers.

Question 7: What was the trial and execution of King Charles I a symbol of, and what were its consequences?

Answer: It symbolized the rejection of divine right monarchy and the assertion of parliamentary sovereignty. Its consequences included the abolition of the monarchy, the establishment of the Commonwealth, and ongoing conflicts over authority in England.

Question 8: Identify and explain one long-term effect of the English Civil War on British politics.

Answer: One long-term effect was the increase in parliamentary power and the eventual development of constitutional monarchy, limiting the absolute power of the monarch.

Question 9: Describe the role of religion during the English Civil War and how it influenced the conflict.

Answer: Religion played a significant role, with Puritans seeking to reform the Church of England and opposing Catholic influences, which they associated with royal authority. Religious differences contributed to tensions that fueled the conflict.