Question 1: Describe two main reasons why tensions increased between King Charles I and Parliament leading up to the English Civil War.

Answer: One reason was King Charles I's decision to raise taxes without Parliament's consent, which angered many MPs. Another reason was his attempt to enforce Anglican practices that many Puritans opposed, leading to religious conflict.

Question 2: Explain the significance of the Battle of Naseby in 1645 during the English Civil War.

Answer: The Battle of Naseby was a decisive victory for the Parliamentarians. It marked the turning point in the war, effectively ending Royalist hopes of victory and leading to the eventual defeat of King Charles I.

Question 3: Identify two groups of people who supported the Royalists and describe their reasons for supporting King Charles I.

Answer: Nobles and wealthy landowners supported the Royalists because they believed in the divine right of kings and wanted to preserve traditional monarchy and their privileges. Some also supported the church policies of the king.

Question 4: Describe the role of the New Model Army in the outcome of the Civil War.

Answer: The New Model Army was a well-trained, disciplined force that played a crucial role in defeating the Royalists. Its leadership and organization helped secure Parliament’s victory.

Question 5: Draw a simple political diagram that shows the relationship between King Charles I, Parliament, and the army during the Civil War. Label each part clearly.

Answer: A correct diagram would show King Charles I on one side, with arrows pointing to conflicts with Parliament, which is shown separately. The army should be depicted as under Parliament's control, with labels indicating their roles and relationships during the war.

Question 6: What were the main consequences of the English Civil War for the monarchy and government in England?

Answer: The main consequences were the temporary abolition of the monarchy, the establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell, and eventually the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. It also led to increased power for Parliament.

Question 7: Identify and explain one religious issue that contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War.

Answer: One issue was King Charles I's support for Anglican practices, which many Puritans saw as too Catholic and opposed. Religious disagreements increased tensions between the king and Parliament.

Question 8: Sketch a scene from the English Civil War showing soldiers in action. Use labels to identify at least three different elements in your drawing.

Answer: A correct sketch would depict soldiers in period clothing with muskets, a battlefield setting, and possibly a cannon. Labels should identify the soldiers, weapons, and terrain.

Question 9: Explain the significance of the execution of King Charles I in 1649.

Answer: The execution marked the first time a reigning monarch was tried and executed by his own people, signaling a radical change in government and the rejection of the divine right of kings.

Question 10: Summarize how the Civil War impacted the future of monarchy and government in England.

Answer: The Civil War led to the temporary overthrow of the monarchy, the establishment of a republic, and set a precedent for parliamentary sovereignty. It challenged the idea that kings had absolute power.