Question 1: Describe the main reasons why tensions developed between King Charles I and Parliament in the years leading up to the Civil War.

Answer: Key reasons include disputes over taxation without Parliament's consent, differences in religious beliefs, and conflicts over royal authority versus parliamentary power.

Question 2: Explain the significance of the Battle of Edgehill in the context of the English Civil War.

Answer: The Battle of Edgehill was the first major pitched battle of the war, demonstrating that both sides could engage in large-scale combat, but it ended indecisively, showing the war would be lengthy.

Question 3: Identify and describe two key figures involved in the English Civil War and their roles.

Answer: King Charles I, who sought to rule without Parliament and was ultimately executed; and Oliver Cromwell, a military leader who led the Parliamentarians and later established the Protectorate.

Question 4: Describe the political outcome of the Civil War and how it changed the monarchy's power.

Answer: The monarchy was abolished in 1649, leading to the trial and execution of King Charles I. England was declared a republic called the Commonwealth, significantly reducing royal power.

Question 5: Explain the term 'Rump Parliament' and its significance during the period following the Civil War.

Answer: The Rump Parliament was the remaining part of Parliament after Pride's Purge, which excluded those opposed to the trial of King Charles I. It played a key role in the execution of the King and the establishment of the Commonwealth.

Question 6: Sketch a simple diagram showing the arrangement of Parliament and the monarchy before and after the Civil War. Label the key parts of your diagram.

Answer: [Model answer: A two-part sketch showing 'Before' with a symbol of the King (e.g., crown) above Parliament, indicating royal authority; 'After' with Parliament in control, possibly with a figure of Cromwell, and the absence of the King.]

Question 7: Discuss how the English Civil War affected religious beliefs and practices in England.

Answer: The war intensified conflicts between different religious groups, leading to greater Puritan influence, restrictions on Catholic practices, and increased religious intolerance during the Commonwealth period.

Question 8: Describe what the term 'Commonwealth' meant during the period of Oliver Cromwell's rule.

Answer: The Commonwealth was a republican government established after the abolition of the monarchy, where England was governed without a king, and power was held by Parliament and Cromwell.

Question 9: Evaluate the long-term impact of the Civil War on the development of democracy in England.

Answer: The Civil War set the stage for constitutional monarchy and parliamentary sovereignty, limiting royal power and establishing the idea that the monarchy could be challenged and held accountable by Parliament, influencing future democratic developments.

Question 10: Sketch a timeline of three major events during the English Civil War, including the start, a key battle, and the end.

Answer: [Model answer: A timeline with three points: 1642 - Start of the Civil War; 1642 - Battle of Edgehill; 1649 - Execution of King Charles I and abolition of the monarchy.]