Question 1: Describe two causes of the English Civil War. Explain why these causes led to conflict between King Charles I and Parliament.

Answer: Possible causes include disagreements over money and taxes, as Charles I tried to raise funds without Parliament's approval, and religious differences, such as Charles's support for Anglican practices that many Puritans opposed. These issues created tension and suspicion, leading to conflict.

Question 2: Explain the significance of the Battle of Naseby and what it meant for the outcome of the Civil War.

Answer: The Battle of Naseby was a decisive victory for the Parliamentarians, which effectively ended Royalist hopes of winning the war. It marked a turning point that led to the eventual defeat of King Charles I.

Question 3: Identify two key figures involved in the English Civil War and briefly describe their roles.

Answer: Oliver Cromwell was a leading Parliamentarian commander who later became Lord Protector. King Charles I was the monarch whose actions and refusal to compromise led to the war.

Question 4: Imagine you are a soldier fighting in the Civil War. Write a short diary entry describing what you might have seen or experienced during a battle.

Answer: A suitable diary entry would mention sights such as soldiers in uniform, the noise of muskets and cannons, feelings of fear or bravery, and observations of the chaos and destruction during the fighting.

Question 5: Draw a simple sketch of a typical soldier's uniform during the English Civil War. Label the main parts of the uniform, such as the hat, coat, and boots.

Answer: A correct sketch should show a soldier wearing a broad-brimmed hat, a double-breasted coat, breeches, and tall boots. Labels should clearly identify each part.

Question 6: What was the outcome of the trial of King Charles I? How did it change the monarchy?

Answer: King Charles I was tried and executed for treason in 1649. This event led to the temporary abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic known as the Commonwealth.

Question 7: Explain the role of the New Model Army in the Civil War and why it was important.

Answer: The New Model Army was a professional and well-trained force created by Parliament. It played a crucial role in winning key battles and ultimately defeating the Royalists, which was vital for Parliament's victory.

Question 8: Describe the political changes that occurred after the Civil War ended.

Answer: After the war, England became a republic under Oliver Cromwell's rule. The monarchy was abolished, and there was a period of military rule before the monarchy was restored in 1660.

Question 9: Identify and explain two reasons why the monarchy was restored in 1660.

Answer: Reasons include political instability and dissatisfaction with the republican government, and the desire among many to return to traditional monarchy and stability. Additionally, the death of Cromwell led to a shift in power back to royalists.