Question 1: Describe two causes of the English Civil War. Why did tensions rise between King Charles I and Parliament?

Answer: Possible causes include disagreements over royal authority and taxation, and conflicts over religion. Tensions rose because Charles I wanted to rule without Parliament, and both sides disagreed on how the country should be governed.

Question 2: Who was Oliver Cromwell, and what role did he play in the English Civil War?

Answer: Oliver Cromwell was a military leader and politician who led Parliament's forces against the King. He later became a key figure in establishing the Commonwealth of England.

Question 3: Explain what happened during the Battle of Naseby and why it was important.

Answer: The Battle of Naseby was a decisive fight in 1645 where Parliament's New Model Army defeated King Charles I's forces. It was important because it marked the turning point in the war, leading to the King's capture.

Question 4: List three key figures involved in the English Civil War and describe their roles.

Answer: King Charles I (monarch and leader of royal forces), Oliver Cromwell (leader of Parliament's army), Prince Rupert (royal commander and Charles I's nephew).

Question 5: Draw a simple sketch of a battlefield scene showing soldiers in battle during the Civil War. Label the different types of soldiers (e.g., infantry, cavalry).

Answer: A correct sketch would show groups of soldiers in formation, with some on horseback (cavalry) and others on foot (infantry). Labels should identify these groups clearly.

Question 6: What was the outcome of the English Civil War? How did it change the political landscape of England?

Answer: The Parliamentarians won, leading to the trial and execution of King Charles I, and the establishment of a republic called the Commonwealth. It ended the idea of absolute monarchy for a time.

Question 7: Explain why the execution of King Charles I was a significant event in English history.

Answer: It was significant because it was the first time a reigning monarch was tried and executed by his own people, showing a shift towards parliamentary power and challenge to royal authority.

Question 8: Describe what the term 'Rump Parliament' means and its significance during the Civil War period.

Answer: The Rump Parliament was the remaining members of Parliament after Pride's Purge, and it played a key role in trying and executing King Charles I.

Question 9: Sketch a timeline of three major events during the English Civil War. Include the events and approximate dates.

Answer: A timeline should include: 1642 - Start of the Civil War, 1645 - Battle of Naseby, 1649 - Execution of King Charles I.

Question 10: In your own words, explain how the English Civil War impacted the ideas of monarchy and democracy in England.

Answer: The war challenged the idea of absolute monarchy, leading to increased power for Parliament and ideas that would eventually influence modern democracy.