Question 1: Explain two reasons why European countries pursued imperial expansion during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Answer: Possible reasons include economic gain through access to resources and markets, and the desire for national prestige and power.

Question 2: Describe how the British Empire expanded in Africa during the late 19th century, mentioning at least two specific regions or colonies.

Answer: The British expanded into regions such as South Africa and Egypt, establishing control through military conquest and treaties.

Question 3: Identify and explain one way in which imperial rule affected indigenous populations in colonized regions.

Answer: Indigenous populations often experienced loss of land and cultural suppression as a result of imperial policies.

Question 4: Discuss the role of technological advancements, such as the steam engine or telegraph, in facilitating empire expansion.

Answer: Technologies like the steam engine improved transportation, enabling faster movement of troops and goods, while the telegraph allowed quick communication across colonies.

Question 5: Describe the concept of 'Social Darwinism' and how it was used to justify imperialism.

Answer: Social Darwinism applied the idea of 'survival of the fittest' to humans, suggesting that Western nations were superior and destined to dominate others.

Question 6: Sketch a simple diagram that illustrates the process of indirect rule used by colonial powers, including local leaders and colonial administrators.

Answer: A correct sketch would show local leaders maintaining authority over communities under the supervision of colonial officials, with arrows indicating hierarchical control.

Question 7: Evaluate the long-term effects of imperialism on Africa, providing at least two specific outcomes.

Answer: Long-term effects include the alteration of African borders leading to conflicts and the introduction of Western education and infrastructure, which impacted societies positively and negatively.

Question 8: Explain how the concept of 'The Civilizing Mission' was used as a justification for imperialism.

Answer: 'The Civilizing Mission' was the idea that imperial powers had a duty to bring Western civilization, culture, and religion to 'uncivilized' peoples.

Question 9: Identify one resistance movement or act of rebellion against imperial rule and briefly describe its significance.

Answer: The Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa was a significant uprising where local tribes fought against German colonial authority, symbolizing resistance to imperial control.

Question 10: Discuss the impact of imperialism on the spread of Western culture and institutions globally.

Answer: Imperialism led to the global spread of Western education, legal systems, religion, and language, which continue to influence many societies today.