Question 1: Explain in your own words what the Industrial Revolution was and when it began in Britain.

Answer: The Industrial Revolution was a period of rapid industrial growth and technological innovation that began in Britain in the late 18th century, around the 1760s, leading to major social and economic changes.

Question 2: Identify three key inventions or technological advancements that emerged during the Industrial Revolution and briefly describe their significance.

Answer: 1. The Spinning Jenny – greatly increased thread production, boosting the textile industry. 2. The Steam Engine – provided a new power source that revolutionized transportation and manufacturing. 3. The Power Loom – automated weaving, increasing textile output and reducing manual labor.

Question 3: Describe how the introduction of steam power impacted transportation during the Industrial Revolution.

Answer: Steam power led to the development of steam-powered locomotives and ships, which greatly improved the speed, efficiency, and range of transportation, facilitating the movement of goods and people across longer distances.

Question 4: Discuss two social consequences of the Industrial Revolution for workers in factories.

Answer: Workers faced long working hours and poor working conditions, leading to health issues and social unrest. Additionally, many people moved from rural areas to cities in search of work, causing urban overcrowding.

Question 5: Identify and explain the role of one key individual associated with the Industrial Revolution.

Answer: James Watt improved the steam engine, making it more efficient and practical for industrial use, which significantly contributed to the growth of factories and transportation.

Question 6: Draw a simple sketch of a typical factory during the Industrial Revolution. Label the main parts such as the chimney, windows, and entrance.

Answer: A large rectangular building with a tall chimney on one side, multiple windows along the walls, and a central entrance at the front. The sketch should be simple and clear, illustrating the typical factory structure.

Question 7: Explain how the Industrial Revolution affected urban living conditions. Include at least two points in your answer.

Answer: Urban living conditions worsened as cities became overcrowded, with many people living in cramped, unsanitary housing. Pollution from factories also increased, leading to health problems for city residents.

Question 8: What was a common form of labor for many workers during the Industrial Revolution, and what were some of its challenges?

Answer: Many workers labored in factories performing repetitive tasks for long hours. Challenges included low wages, dangerous working conditions, and lack of job security.

Question 9: Describe the significance of the Factory Act of 1833.

Answer: The Factory Act of 1833 was significant because it limited the working hours of children and mandated safety regulations, representing early efforts to improve working conditions.

Question 10: Summarize how the Industrial Revolution influenced global trade and economies.

Answer: The Industrial Revolution increased production capacity, allowing countries to produce goods more efficiently. This led to expanded trade, the rise of imperialism to access resources, and the growth of capitalist economies worldwide.