Question 1: Describe the events that led to William, Duke of Normandy, claiming the English throne. Include at least two reasons for his claim.

Answer: William claimed the English throne because Edward the Confessor promised him the throne, and Harold Godwinson allegedly swore to support William's claim after being shipwrecked in Normandy. Additionally, William asserted that Harold's coronation was illegitimate since Harold had sworn an oath to support him earlier.

Question 2: Explain the significance of the Battle of Hastings. Why was this battle a turning point in English history?

Answer: The Battle of Hastings was significant because it resulted in William the Conqueror defeating King Harold II, leading to Norman rule over England. It marked the end of Anglo-Saxon England and brought profound changes in culture, governance, and land ownership.

Question 3: List three ways William's victory at Hastings affected the landscape of England.

Answer: 1. Introduction of Norman nobility to replace Anglo-Saxon rulers. 2. Construction of castles to defend Norman control, including the Tower of London. 3. Changes in land ownership, with many Anglo-Saxon nobles losing their lands to Norman lords.

Question 4: Identify and explain two key features of the Domesday Book and its purpose after the Norman Conquest.

Answer: The Domesday Book was a detailed survey of landholdings and resources across England, created to assess taxes owed to the crown. It helped William understand who owned land and how much they owed, consolidating Norman control.

Question 5: Describe the social hierarchy in Norman England after 1066, including at least three social groups.

Answer: The social hierarchy included the King at the top, followed by Norman nobles and landowners, then knights and lords, with peasants and serfs forming the lower class. Norman nobles replaced many Anglo-Saxon aristocrats, consolidating Norman authority.

Question 6: Draw a simplified map showing the main locations involved in the Norman Conquest, including Normandy, England, and the site of the Battle of Hastings.

Answer: A correct sketch would show Normandy in northern France, England to the west, with an arrow from Normandy to England indicating William’s invasion route, and a marked location for Hastings on the southern coast of England.

Question 7: Explain the impact of the Norman Conquest on the English language and culture.

Answer: The Norman Conquest introduced many Norman French words into English, especially in law, government, and the church. It also led to cultural changes, including new styles of architecture and dress, blending Norman and Anglo-Saxon traditions.

Question 8: Identify two methods William used to maintain control over England after the conquest.

Answer: William built castles across England to defend his rule and established a strong feudal system, granting land to Norman nobles who owed him military service and loyalty.

Question 9: Explain the significance of the Oath of Salisbury in 1086 and its relation to William’s rule.

Answer: The Oath of Salisbury was a promise made by William to the Pope to defend the church and uphold Norman authority. It reinforced William’s legitimacy as king and his commitment to maintaining religious and political order.