Question 1: Explain why the monarchy was restored in England in 1660. What events led to the end of the Commonwealth?

Answer: The monarchy was restored in 1660 because the English people and Parliament wanted stability after years of civil war and republican rule. The death of Oliver Cromwell and dissatisfaction with the Protectorate led to the invitation of Charles II to return as king, ending the Commonwealth period.

Question 2: Describe the main features of the Habeas Corpus Act of 1679 and explain why it was important for individual rights.

Answer: The Habeas Corpus Act protected individuals from unlawful imprisonment by requiring authorities to bring a person before a court to justify detention. It was important because it limited arbitrary arrest and upheld personal liberty.

Question 3: Identify two reasons why the English Parliament was concerned about the power of King James II.

Answer: Parliament was concerned because James II was Catholic and wanted to promote religious tolerance, which threatened Protestant dominance. They also feared he might dissolve Parliament and rule without their approval.

Question 4: Describe the events that led to the Glorious Revolution of 1688.

Answer: King James II's attempts to promote Catholicism and his bypassing of Parliament alarmed Protestants. When he produced a Catholic heir, many feared a Catholic dynasty. Parliament invited William of Orange to invade, leading to James II fleeing the country peacefully.

Question 5: Draw a simple timeline showing the key events from the Restoration in 1660 to the Glorious Revolution in 1688.

Answer: A timeline should include: 1660 - Restoration of Charles II; 1685 - James II becomes king; 1688 - Glorious Revolution; William of Orange invades; James II flees. The timeline should be clear and chronological.

Question 6: List three changes to English government that occurred during the Restoration period.

Answer: 1. The reopening of the Parliament after the Civil War. 2. The establishment of the Clarendon Code to enforce Anglican religious practices. 3. The passing of laws limiting the power of the monarchy and strengthening Parliament.

Question 7: Explain what the term 'Divine Right of Kings' means and how it was challenged during the Restoration.

Answer: The 'Divine Right of Kings' is the belief that monarchs receive their authority directly from God. During the Restoration, this idea was challenged as Parliament and the people demanded more power, especially after years of civil war and the overthrow of royal authority.

Question 8: Identify one significant figure from the Restoration period and describe their role in shaping events.

Answer: One significant figure is King Charles II, who restored the monarchy, re-established the Anglican Church, and navigated conflicts with Parliament to maintain his rule during a turbulent period.

Question 9: Discuss how the events of the Restoration have influenced modern ideas about the balance of power between the monarchy and Parliament.

Answer: The Restoration established the idea that Parliament should have significant power over the monarchy. The events, including laws limiting royal authority and the Glorious Revolution, laid the foundation for constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy.