Question 1: Who was the first Stuart king of England, and in what year did he begin his reign?

Answer: James I became king of England in 1603, following the death of Queen Elizabeth I.

Question 2: Describe one reason why King Charles I's relationship with Parliament led to conflict.

Answer: King Charles I believed in the divine right of kings and often refused to summon Parliament or listen to its demands, which caused tension and conflict.

Question 3: Explain what the Petition of Right was and why it was important.

Answer: The Petition of Right was a document passed by Parliament in 1628 that limited the king's powers, particularly over taxation and imprisonment, marking a step towards constitutional monarchy.

Question 4: Identify one event that marked the start of the English Civil War.

Answer: The storming of King Charles I's personal court at Nottingham in 1642 is considered a key event that marked the start of the Civil War.

Question 5: Describe the role of Oliver Cromwell during the Civil War.

Answer: Oliver Cromwell was a leading Parliamentarian military commander who organized the New Model Army and played a crucial role in defeating the Royalists.

Question 6: What happened to King Charles I after he was defeated in the Civil War?

Answer: King Charles I was captured, put on trial for treason, and was executed in 1649.

Question 7: Sketch a diagram showing the political structure in England after the execution of Charles I, including Parliament, the Lord Protector, and the monarchy.

Answer: A correct sketch would show Parliament at the top, with arrows indicating its power; the Lord Protector (Cromwell) as the leader of the government; and the monarchy replaced by a republic during the Interregnum.

Question 8: Describe how the monarchy was restored after Oliver Cromwell's death.

Answer: The monarchy was restored in 1660 when Charles II was invited to return and become king, ending the period of the Commonwealth.

Question 9: Explain one way in which the Stuarts influenced the development of democracy in England.

Answer: The Stuarts' conflicts with Parliament helped establish the principles that limited royal power and increased parliamentary authority, contributing to the development of constitutional monarchy.

Question 10: Identify one key difference between the rule of James I and that of Charles I.

Answer: James I believed in the divine right of kings and often ignored Parliament, while Charles I frequently dissolved Parliament and believed he could rule without its consent.